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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Liliaceae Stems - From a bulb. Bulb covered with a dense network of criss-cross fibers. Fibers tan in color. Bulb to 3cm long, ovoid. Aerial stems to +40cm tall, erect, glabrous, terete, single to multiple from the base, simple.
Leaves - Basal, linear, glabrous, to +40cm long, 2-7mm broad, green to pale green, with a broad shallow groove adaxially, sometimes folding at the base, pale green to whitish at the base. Inflorescence - Terminal umbel of zero to many flowers. Sometimes the flowers replaced with reddish bulblets. Sometimes inflorescence a combination of bulblets and flowers, or all flowers. Bulblets sessile. Flowers with pedicels to +4cm long, glabrous, erect. Pedicels much longer than the flowers. Bud of inflorescence covered with a scarious tan bract. Bract persistent at the base of the umbel after anthesis.
Flowers - Tepals 6, pink to white, glabrous, oblong-lanceolate, to +/-8mm long, +/-3mm broad. Stamens 6, erect. Filaments pinkish, glabrous, expanded at the base, adnate to the base of the tepals, +/-5mm long. Ovary subglobose, glabrous, 3-locular. Style glabrous, +/-5mm long, pinkish. Ovules 3-4 per locule.
Flowering - April - July. Habitat - Glades, bluffs, open woods, prairies, disturbed sites. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This showy plant can be found throughout Missouri. It is especially common in glade areas of the Ozarks. The plant has a strong onion scent and is edible. Many authors have tried to split this species into varieties based on the number of flowers or bulbs produced. I will not go into these here as the varieties are probably not valid. Bulb producing plants can be found growing right next to flower producing specimens. Other Allium species are similar in appearance to this one but only A. canadense has the characteristic fiber coating on its bulb. Be careful not to remove the coating when digging the plant up to check.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Fabaceae Stems - Woody, multiple or sometimes single. A tree or shrub to 6m tall. Twigs glabrous, somewhat angled, often growing in a slight "zig-zag" fashion. Leaves - Alternate, even bipinnately compound, to 40cm long. Pinnae opposite, +/-12 pairs per leaf. Leaflets to 1.5cm long, 20-30 pairs per pinna, glabrous, coming together at night.
Inflorescence - Axillary, pedunculate clusters of +/-20 flowers. Clusters subglobose. Flowers sessile. Flowers - Corolla tubular, 5-lobed, creamy white to greenish, pubescent externally. Lobes to 2mm long, acute. Stamens many per flower, pinkish at tips becoming whitish at the base, to 2.5cm long, united at base into tube 3mm long, glabrous, filiform. Style 1, pink, +2cm long, filiform, glabrous. Ovary terete, green, 3mm long, .5mm broad. Calyx tube 3mm long, 5-lobed, appressed pubescent, pale green. Lobes minute. Flowers fragrant. Fruit a flattened pod to +20cm long, indehiscent, with +/-8 seeds.
Flowering - June - September. Habitat - Cultivated but escaped to dry areas along roadsides, railroads, open woods, thickets, and fence rows. Origin - Native to Asia. Other info. - This species is widely cultivated in this state. It is also very common in the other habitats mentioned above. The flowers are very fragrant, especially at night, and are visited by hummingbird moths, Hemaris thysbe, on a regular basis.
Some authors like to split the beans into three separate families, in which case this plant would fall into the Mimosaceae.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lamiaceae Stems - To +1m tall, from horizontal rhizomes, typically simple but branching also, 4-angled, herbaceous, with dense retrorse pubescence, hollow, erect.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate. Petiole to +/-1cm, tomentose. Blade elliptic to lance-ovate or lance-oblong, serrate, +/-11cm long, +/-4cm broad, acute, pubescent below, sparse pubescent to glabrous above. Leaf tissue abruptly contracted at base and creating a slight wing on petiole to 1mm broad.
Inflorescence - Terminal spikiform arrangement of verticillasters to +30cm tall(long). Verticillasters with +/-5 flowers each. Flowers on pedicels 2mm long. Pedicels and axis tomentose. Each flower subtended by a lanceolate-attenuate bract to +/-8mm long. Flowers - Corolla highly irregular, bilabiate, light pink to purplish. Corolla tube greenish, 5mm long, dense glandular pubescent and pilose at apex. Upper lip with 2 lobes erect and shaped as horn-like appendages. Lobes to 4mm long(tall). Lower lip with two lateral rounded lobes and one large cupped central lobe. Lateral lobes to 3mm long. Central lobe to 7mm long, 6mm broad, glandular externally, often with two pinkish-purple spots near base internally. Stamens 4, didynamous, well exserted from corolla, deflexed. Filaments greenish-white, 1.4cm long, pubescent near base, glabrous above. Anthers reddish-brown, .7mm broad. Style 1.5cm long, white, glabrous, exserted from between opposing pairs of stamens, down-curved. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary of 4 nutlets. Nutlets green and glabrous in flower. Calyx bilabiate. Calyx tube to 5mm long, glandular and tomentose. Upper lip 3-lobed. Central lobe slightly deflexed, acute, 2mm long, 2.6mm broad. Lateral lobes 1.5mm long. Lower lip 2-lobed. Lobes attenuate, 3mm long. Calyx accrescent.
Flowering - June - September. Habitat - Prairies, wet meadows, thickets, streambanks, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The unusual flowers of this species make it a simple to ID in the field. The flowers are also quite showy and make the plant much deserving of cultivation. Flying insects are attracted to the flowers and the large central lobe of the lower corolla lip serves as a platform for insects to land on. The two purplish spots on the lobe are like runway lights guiding the insects to the flower. The leaves of T. canadense have a slightly fowl odor when crushed. Some authors, including Steyermark, split the species into different varieties but they are so similar that I won't go into them here.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lamiaceae Stems - To +1.2m tall, 4-angled, herbaceous, hollow, branching above, erect, retrorse strigose on angles, glabrous between angles, from rhizomes.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate. Petiole to -3cm long, winged, glabrous or with sparse pubescence at base. wing to -1mm broad. Blade lanceolate to lance-oblong, to +13cm long, 4cm broad, crenate-serrate, acuminate, glabrous but with a scabrous midrib.
Inflorescence - Terminal spikiform arrangement of verticillasters. Verticillasters with +/-6 flowers, subtended by small foliaceous bracts. Flowers sessile to subsessile. Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, pinkish with purple streaks and spots internally. Corolla tube to 7mm long, glabrous, white near base. Upper lip of corolla 5mm long, 4mm broad, glandular pubescent externally, glabrous internally, obtuse at apex. Lower corolla lip 3-lobed, glabrous internally and externally. Lateral lobes -2mm long. Central lobe 3mm long, 3.5mm broad. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate at apex of corolla tube, exserted from upper lip of corolla. Filaments to 3mm long, glandular pubescent, white. Anthers brownish-purple, 1.2mm long. Style white to purple at apex, 1.1cm long, glabrous. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary of 4 nutlets. Nutlets greenish-white, 3-ribbed, becoming black and 1.7mm long in fruit. Calyx tube to 2.5mm long, sparse pubescent, 5-lobed. Lobes equal, attenuate, 2.5mm long, typically glabrous.
Flowering - June - September. Habitat - Moist and low woodland, ravines, streambanks, pond margins, swamps, wet meadows. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - Stachys tenuifolia and the similar S. palustris L. would make excellent garden subjects for anyone with a shade garden and moist to wet ground. The flowers are good for attracting flying insects and are striking to look at. Steyermark breaks S. tenuifolia into two varieties. Variety tenuifolia, described above, has petioles to 3cm long and is glabrous on the leaves, calyx, and calyx lobes. This variety is found throughout most of the state. Variety hispida (Pursh) Fern. has petioles to 8mm long and is hispid to appressed pubescent on the leaves, calyx, and calyx lobes. This variety is mostly found in the upper half of the state, north of the Missouri river.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Rubiaceae Stems - Multiple from the base, sprawling to ascending, to +40cm long, herbaceous, 4-angled, hispidulous below, glabrescent apically.
Leaves - Sessile, in whorls of 6, oblong, to +/-8mm long, 3-4mm broad, pubescent adaxially and ciliate on the midrib abaxially, entire, acute, with strigillose margins. The margin of the leaf translucent at least at the apex (use a lens to see). Lowest leaves obovate to oblanceolate.
Inflorescence - Axillary bracteate fascicles of typically 3 flowers. Peduncles to 1cm long in fruit, 1-2mm long in flower, 4-angled, glabrous to sparse pubescent. Bracts subtending the flowers foliaceous, accrescent, lanceolate, 3-nerved, to 8mm long and 3mm broad in fruit, strigose externally, glabrous internally.
Flowers - Corolla 4-lobed, funnelform, 4-5mm long, pinkish-purple. Corolla tube to 3mm long, whitish at the base, glabrous externally and internally. Corolla lobes acute, spreading, -2mm long, 1mm broad, glabrous. Stamens 4, exserted, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube. Filaments white, glabrous, 1.1mm long. Anthers purplish, .3mm long. Style exserted, glabrous, translucent, 4mm long. Stigmas 2, short (.1mm long). Calyx 1.1mm long in flower, accrescent, 6-lobed, pubescent, green. Calyx lobes triangular, .3mm long. Fruits mostly on stalks to .5mm long, pubescent. slightly rectangular in cross-section, to 4mm long, 2-locular, 2-seeded. Flowering - April - May. Habitat - Openings in woods, along creeks, disturbed sites, fields, roadsides. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This little species is uncommon in Missouri. It is found only in several southwestern counties. The plant, at first glance, appears to be in the genus Galium but its purplish flowers, funnelform corolla and bracteate inflorescences separate it from that genus. The plant can be quite weedy if left un-checked and it will most certainly expand its range in Missouri with time.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月24日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Cayophyllaceae Stems - Single or multiple from base, erect, herbaceous, from a taproot and rhizomes, branching, hollow, glabrous, to 1m tall, terete.
Leaves - Opposite or in whorls of 3 or 4, sessile, connected at bases by thin tissue, oblong-elliptic, entire, slightly wavy to crisped on margins, glabrous, acute, with 3 main veins, to +7cm long, +/-3cm broad. Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary cymes. Peduncles slightly swollen at the base, glabrous. Ultimate pedicels to 3mm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 5, long-clawed, white to pink. Claw to +1.5cm long, glabrous, winged. Wing of claw forming a 1-2mm appendage at base of limb. Limb to +/-1.5cm long, notched at apex, to 8-9mm broad, glabrous. Stamens inserted in folds of claw wings, 10, exserted, distinct. Filaments white, glabrous, to +2cm long. Anthers white to pale yellow, -2mm long. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, cylindric, to 9mm long in flower, 1.5mm in diameter, unilocular. Placentation free-central. Ovules many. Styles 2, white to pink, glabrous, 1.4cm long. Calyx light green or with some red, glabrous, cylindric, +1-2cm long, 5mm in diameter(in flower), 5-toothed. Teeth acute, triangular, to 3mm long, short aristate. Base of calyx saccate around pedicel.
Flowering - June - October. Habitat - Gravel and sand bars along streams, ditches, waste ground, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. It was previously grown as an ornamental but has escaped and is well established in much of North America. This species contains saponin glycosides and will foam if crushed and rubbed. The plant can be used as soap and is being studied for medicinal uses also. It is toxic if eaten. Formerly the plant was used by indians and europeans for a host of ailments.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lythraceae Stems - From somewhat thickened fibrous roots, erect, herbaceous, branching or simple, 4-angled (the angles rounded), green but becoming red in strong sun, glabrous, to +30cm tall.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, linear-elliptic, sessile, tapering to the base, glabrous, entire, with a single midrib, acute to slightly rounded at the apex, to +3cm long, -1cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single sessile flower from each leaf axil. Each flower subtended by a pair of opposite minute bracts. Bracts to +/-3mm long, 1mm broad, glabrous. Flowers - Petals 4, pink to rose, adnate at the apex of the hypanthium, orbicular, 1-2mm in diameter, glabrous, alternating with the calyx appendages. Stamens 4, adnate in the middle of the calyx tube, included. Filaments 1mm long, greenish, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .1mm long. Ovary superior, globose to subglobose, to 3mm long, glabrous, 3-locular. Placentation axile. Ovules many. Style 1, to -1mm long, glabrous. Stigma small-capitate. Calyx tube green to red (in sun), glabrous inside and out, 1mm long in flower and quickly expanding, with 4 lobes and 4 triangular appendages. Lobes acute, glabrous, mostly green, lanceolate, to +1.5mm long, -1mm broad. Appendages triangular, -1mm long and broader than long.
Flowering - June - October. Habitat - Margins of streams, spring branches, sloughs, oxbows, ditches, moist ledges, wet areas of prairies. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This small but attractive species can be found in the southern 2/3 of Missouri. The plant is easy to identify becasue of its tiny, 4-petaled flowers and its habitat.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Gentianaceae Stems - To +60cm tall, branching above, herbaceous, erect, glabrous, 4-angled, winged on angles, from thickened roots.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, clasping, ovate, entire, acute, glabrous, decussate, reduced upward, to +4cm long, +3cm broad, with 3 conspicuous veins and 4 faint veins (best seen from below).
Inflorescence - Typically flat-topped cymes with many flowers, dichotomously branching. Each division of inflorescence subtended by small foliaceous bracts. Flowers - Corolla tube greenish, 4mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes spreading, pink or white, to 1.3cm long, +/-6mm broad, oblanceolate to spatulate, glabrous, greenish-yellow at very base. Stamens 5, alternating with corolla lobes, erect. Filaments to 5mm long, glabrous, yellowish. Anthers curling, 3mm long, brownish. Style 6mm long, glabrous, whitish to pale yellow. Stigma 2-lobed. Lobes curled, yellow. Ovary superior, unilocular. Placentation parietal. Calyx tube 1.5mm long(in flower), green, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes linear, 8-9mm long, 1mm broad, glabrous, ascending to erect, acute, entire. Calyx accrescent. Capsule to 8mm long, cylindric, glabrous, green, many seeded.
Flowering - June - September. Habitat - Rocky open woods, glades, thickets, fields, prairies, roadsides. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This plant is common in the southeast 2/3 of the state. It is easy to ID in the field. The plant pictured above is form angularis which has pink flowers. Form albiflora (Raf.) House has white flowers and is less common. The species is quite attractive and should be cultivated more.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lamiaceae Stems - To +1.5m tall, herbaceous, erect, 4-angled, glabrous, multiple from base, simple to branching above, hollow, often forming roots from nodes just above and at ground level, rhizomatous.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, linear to linear-lanceolate, serrate(teeth with curved apices), acute to acuminate, glabrous, to 15cm long, 1.5cm broad, with prominent midrib. Inflorescence - Single flowers from axils of small bracts forming a dense elongate spike to +40cm (in fruit). Axis of inflorescence dense pubescent. Flowers sessile or with a pedicel -1mm long. Subtending bracts sessile, lanceolate, acuminate, to +1cm long, (larger in fruit), dense pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, pinkish, pubescent externally. Corolla tube to +/-2.3cm long, constricted at base where surrounded by calyx, expanded beyond calyx. Upper lip 8-9mm long, 7-8mm broad, truncate to rounded at apex, the sides parallel. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lateral lobes 3-4mm long, 3mm broad. Central lobe 5-6mm long, 4-5mm broad, with purple spotting internally,(purple coloration extended into throat of corolla). Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending under the upper lip of the corolla. Filaments adnate for most of length(seemingly by dense pubescence), white or tinged with pink. Anthers purplish-brown, 1.7mm long. Style inserted between stamens (and slightly longer), white, glabrous, 2.5cm long. Stigma 2-lobed, filiform.Ovary 4-parted, green, glabrous. Calyx tube 6mm long(in flower), dense pubescent, pitted internally, 5-lobed. Lobes equal, acute, 2.2mm long(in flower). Calyx accrescent, to +1cm in fruit. Nutlets to +3mm long.
Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Prairies, glades, wooded bluffs, streambanks, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a popular and well known native plant. It is widely cultivated and used in butterfly and landscape gardens. The plant has many varieties in cultivation. A common name for the species is "Obedient Plant" because the plants flowers can be rotated or twisted to new positions and will remain this way and continue to grow. Steyermark breaks the species up into a couple of varieties and forms based on leaf size and flower color. I won't go into those here.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月23日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Polemoniaceae Stems - Herbaceous, decumbent, often reddish, hirsute, to 30cm long, from fibrous roots. Nodes not evenly spaced on stem.
Leaves - Opposite or whorled, sessile, subulate, to 1.5cm long, 2mm wide, green. Inflorescence - Terminal cymose or paniculate cluster of typically 3-9 flowers. Flowers - Corolla salverform, pinkish, rose, white, or purplish. Corolla tube to 1.3cm long. Corolla lobes 5, notched at the apex, typically obovate, 1cm long, 6mm broad, glabrous. Stamens 5, borne near base of corolla tube at different heights. Calyx tube to 5mm long, 3mm broad, hirsute. Calyx lobes 5, attenuate, 2.5-3mm long.

Flowering - March - May. Habitat - Cultivated. Origin - Native to the Eastern U.S. Other info. - This is a popular little plant for rocky areas and flower bed borders. There are many horticultural varieties. The plant is perennial and does keep some green foliage through the winter. Here are some other flower colors:
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