绿手指
首页
动态
文章
百科
花园
设置
简体中文
已关注
+
关注
花园 (4)
动态 (4985)
Miss Chen
2017年08月05日
Miss Chen

- Nombre científico o latino: Rosa centifolia - Nombre común o vulgar: Rosal romano, Rosal de cien hojas, Rosa aromática, Rosa de mayo, Rosa de Provenza - Familia: Rosaceae (Rosáceas). - Arbusto de 1 a 2 m de altura. - Se usa en decoración de jardines como seto informal. - Especie de hábito terrestre. Se le llega a encontrar en bosques de encino, pino o pino-encino. - Se cultiva sobre todo en la región de Grasse, en el sur de Francia, y su perfume es parecido al de la Rosa gallica. - Esta especie se reproducen en vivero, generalmente a través de varetas (estacas). - La flor tiene diversos usos medicinales y en perfumería. - Agua de Rosas Rojas: - El agua de Rosas Rojas se obtiene de pétalos frescos de Rosa centifolia, entre otras especies de rosas, a través de un proceso de destilación simple. - Se necesitan alrededor de 1.000 flores de la variedad seleccionada para producir 473 ml de agua de rosas de buena calidad. Este agua de rosas concentrado se diluye más tarde según se requiera. - Usos del Agua de rosas: - Se añade como condimento a platos dulces, flanes, natillas y helados. También actúa como medio para cualquier medicamento oral con sabor desagradable. El agua de rosas se utiliza como ambientador en habitaciones donde se reúne un gran número de gente. - Es también un excelente tónico facial. - Indicaciones del Agua de rosas: - Destaca como tónico hepático y fortalecedor cardiaco, t ónico astringente, diaforético, afecciones menores de la piel. MODO DE EMPLEO - Para beber diluir al gusto una o dos cucharadas soperas en un litro de agua azucarada - Para la piel usar directamente. - Esencias para perfumes - La Rosa centifolia de Grasse permite obtener una esencia absoluta a partir de un tratamiento por extracción de los disolventes volátiles. - La recogida se efectúa desde el alba, flor a flor, lo más rápidamente posible. Es hacia las 8,30 horas cuando la flor es más rica en productos volátiles. - Es preciso saber que cinco toneladas de flores se necesitan para obtener un solo kilo de esencia, lo que da un poco menos de un gramo de aceite esencial por hora.
0
0
文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月05日
Miss Chen

- Nombre científico o latino: Rosa canina - Nombre común o vulgar: Rosal silvestre, Escaramujo, Rosal perruno, Zarzarrosa, Agavanzo - Familia: Rosaceae (Rosáceas). - Origen: Rosa canina presenta su distribuci6n general en Europa, Asia accidental y noroeste de África. - Etimología: su nombre significa "rosa de perro", posiblemente aludiendo al parecido de sus aguijones con los colmillos de un perro. Según otros, porque esta planta se utilizaba anteriormente para curar la rabia. - Es un arbusto enmarañado de 1 a 3 metros de altura. Los tallos se retuercen y trepan entre la maleza. - Tallos y ramas de color verde provistos de aguijones fuertes, curvados. - Las hojas son caducas, compuestas imparipinnadas con 5 a 7 hojuelas aovadas. - Hojas compuestas con 2 o 3 pares de foliolos dentados ovales. - Las flores son de color blanco o rosa. Dispuestas en racimos de una a cuatro flores, provistas de pedúnculos sin pelos. La corola está integrada por cinco pétalos anchos con una escotadura en el extremo, de color que puede variar desde el rosa intenso al blanco. - Flores solitarias o agrupadas en corimbos, de color rosado o blanco, de 4 a 5 cm de diámetro, con numerosos estambres y sépalos que caen antes que el fruto. - Florece en primavera-verano y los frutos maduran al final del verano o principios de otoño. - La base del cáliz se agranda y se vuelve carnosa, cambiando progresivamente de color hasta volverse totalmente roja. Durante este proceso maduran las semilla en su interior, que se vuelven duras como huesecillos. - El fruto, llamado "escaramujo" o "tapaculo", es carnoso y de color rojo. - El principal aprovechamiento es el fruto, especialmente por su riqueza en vitaminas: carotenoides, vitamina P y sobre todo C, y además son astringentes. Se puede consumir directamente o en mermeladas y se puede hacer con ellos preparados farmacéuticos. - A veces en sus ramos aparecen unas protuberancias que la misma planta origina para alojar las larvas de los insectos Rhodite Rosae. Estas formaciones se llaman bedegares y tienen aplicaciones medicinales. - Esta rosa silvestre tiene una gran amplitud ecológica, encontrándose sobre todo tipo de suelos, preferentemente en las montañas. - Junto a otras rosáceas espinosas, se encuentra formando parte del sotobosque arbustivo de bosques caducifolios, como son los quejigares. Se encuentra en bosques, setos, al lado de los caminos. - La Rosa canina tiene varias propiedades medicinales: digestivas, antiinflamatorias, laxantes, vinamínicas, problemas de los nervios, astringente, tónico y estimulante sexual. El uso de aceite esencial para realizar masajes relajantes antes del acto sexual ayuda a eliminar la tensión, reduce el estrés, permite una mayor comunicación entre la pareja e incrementa el deseo sexual, por lo que puede considerarse una planta con propiedades afrodisiacas. - En la cocina, a parte de la mermelada realizada con la pasta de escaramujo, puede utilizarse los pétalos de la rosa silvestre para decorar tartas, una vez los hemos confitado. Mezclados con miel o azúcar, también se pueden realizar estupendas gelatinas.
0
0
文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月05日
Miss Chen

- Nombre científico o latino: Rosa banksiae - Nombre común o vulgar: Rosal de Banksia, Rosal de Banks - Es un rosal trepador que presenta tallos rígidos y arqueados muy largos (3-6 m). - Requiere un soporte para trepar. - Hoja perenne. - No tiene espinas. - Las flores no tienen perfume. - Florece en primavera formando ramilletes de flores blancas o amarillas muy pequeñas, de 2 cm de diámetro. - Es una de las primeras en florecer cada año y lo hace en gran abundancia. - Esta trepadora merece un lugar en todo jardín grande. - Luz: necesita sol para florecer intensamente. - Suelo: necesita un suelo húmedo pero bien drenado y fértil. - Son resistentes a las condiciones costeras. - Riego: moderado en primavera y verano. - Tolera la sequía. - Abono orgánico a final del invierno y abono mineral soluble en primavera. - Se poda después de la floración para controlar su tamaño y se hace una poda regular de forma para dar vigor a la planta. - Plagas: no sufren muchas plagas. - Susceptible a enfermedades fúngicas, por ejemplo, Oidio. - Multiplicación: el Rosal de Banks se reproduce por acodo simple en verano. Los esquejes arraigan fácilmente.
0
0
文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月05日
Miss Chen

Description: This perennial wildflower is 8-20" tall, erect, and unbranched. The central stem is light green to brown, terete, and canescent to short-pubescent. Pairs of opposite leaves occur at intervals along the central stem. The leaf blades are 2-3" long and ¾–1½" across; they are lanceolate, ovate, or oval in shape and their margins are smooth. The upper surfaces of the blades are green and hairless, while their lower surfaces are pale green and canescent to short-pubescent. On each blade, the lateral veins extend outward from the central vein toward the outer margins. The petioles are about ¼" in length. The central stem terminates in a a dome-shaped umbel of flowers about 1½–2" across; there are usually 1-3 additional umbels of flowers that develop from the axils of the upper leaves. Each umbel has 8-24 flowers that are more or less white. Individual flowers are about ¼" across, consisting of a short reproductive column in the center, 5 surrounding hoods with inwardly curving horns, and 5 drooping corolla lobes. The hoods are white or cream-colored, while the corolla lobes are white, greenish white, or pale purplish white. The slender pedicels of the flowers are about ¾–1" long and short-pubescent. The blooming period occurs from late spring to mid-summer and lasts about 3 weeks. Fertilized flowers are replaced by spindle-shaped seedpods (follicles) about 2-3" long that have smooth and canescent outer surfaces. These seedpods are held erect. At maturity, each seedpod splits open along one side, releasing seeds with tufts of light brown hair. The seeds are distributed by the wind. The root system is rhizomatous. Cultivation: The preference is full or partial sun, dry conditions, and sandy soil; other kinds of soil are tolerated, if water drainage is good. This small milkweed could be cultivated in rock gardens. Range & Habitat: The native Oval-Leaved Milkweed is rare in Illinois and state-listed as endangered; it is found in only a few northeastern counties. This milkweed is more typical of prairies in the northern plains; Illinois lies at the southeastern limit of its range. Habitats include hill prairies and dry sand prairies, typical savannas and sandy savannas, and openings in upland oakDistribution Map woodlands. Occasional wildfires are probably beneficial as this reduces the encroachment of woody vegetation. Oval-Leaved Milkweed is found in high quality natural areas. Faunal Associations: The nectar of the flowers attracts many kinds of insects, including long-tongued bees, wasps, ants, butterflies and skippers, and probably some moths. Ants are nectar robbers, but they may provide the flowering plant with some protection from aphids and other small insects. Little information about floral-faunal relationships is available for this milkweed specifically, but in general milkweed species (Asclepias spp.) attract a distinctive group of insects that feed on the leaves and other parts of these plants. These insect feeders include the weevil Rhyssomatus lineaticollis, Lygaeus kalmii (Small Milkweed Bug), Oncopeltus fasciatus (Large Milkweed Bug), Tetraopes basalis (Milkweed Longhorn), Tetraopes femoratus (Large Red Milkweed Beetle), Tetraopes tetrophthalmus (Red Milkweed Beetle), Aphis nerii (Introduced Milkweed Aphid), the aphids Myzocallis asclepiadis and Myzocallis punctatus, the moths Cycnia inopinatus (Unexpected Cycnia) and Cycnia tenera (Delicate Cycnia), and the butterfly Danaus plexippus (Monarch). Because the foliage is toxic and bitter as a result of its milky latex, mammalian herbivores usually avoid milkweeds. Sometimes, the Eastern Goldfinch uses the tufted hairs of the seeds in the construction of its nests. Photographic Location: A nature preserve in Cook County, Illinois. The photograph of the flowering plant was taken by Lisa Culp (Copyright © 2009). Comments: This little-known milkweed has reasonably attractive flowers and foliage. It is one of several milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) in Illinois with flowers that are more or less white. To identify Oval-Leaved Milkweed correctly, the following two characteristics should be considered: 1) its stems and leaf undersides are canescent or short-pubescent, rather than hairless or long-haired, and 2) its larger leaves are usually ovate to oval, rather than linear or lanceolate. For example, the white-flowered Asclepias lanuginosa (Woolly Milkweed) has more slender leaves and its stems are covered with spreading hairs. This latter milkweed produces only a single terminal umbel of flowers per plant, while Oval-Leaved Milkweed often produces 1-3 axillary umbels of flowers. Other common names of Asclepias ovalifolia are Dwarf Milkweed and Oval Milkweed.
0
0
文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月05日
Miss Chen

Description: This perennial wildflower is 1½–3' tall, producing one or more unbranched stems at the base that are erect to ascending. The stems are light green to reddish green and glabrous to densely pubescent. Along each stem, there are numerous alternate leaves that are ascending to widely spreading. Individual leaves are 2-6" long and 1/8-1/2" (3-12 mm.) across; they are linear to linear-lanceolate and smooth along their margins. Their upper surfaces are medium green and glabrous. The leaves often curve upward along their central veins. The petioles of the leaves are about ¼" long and light green. Globoid umbels of greenish white flowers about 1½-2" across develop from the axils of the middle to upper leaves (one umbel per leaf). Each umbel has 30-100 flowers on pedicels about ½-¾" long. The slender pedicels are light green and pubescent. Individual flowers are about 1/8" (3 mm.) across and 1/4" (6 mm.) long. Each flower has 5 sepals, a corolla with 5 narrow lobes, 5 upright hoods without horns, and a short central column containing the reproductive organs. The lobes of the corolla hang downward from the face of the flower (pointing toward the center of the umbel). The lobes are mostly greenish white, although they become purplish toward their tips. The peduncles of the umbels are about 1-1½" long, light green, and pubescent. The blooming period occurs from mid- to late summer and lasts about 2 months. Fertile flowers develop into follicles (seedpods that split open along one side) about 4-5" long and up to ½" across that are narrowly lanceoloid in shape. The surface of each follicle is canescent and smooth. Each follicle contain numerous seeds with tufts of white hair that are released to the wind at maturity. The root system consists of a taproot. This wildflower spreads by reseeding itself. Cultivation: The preference is full sun, moist to dry conditions, and sandy or gravelly soil. Soil containing loam or clay-loam is also tolerated. Range & Habitat: Tall Green Milkweed is occasional throughout Illinois. It is a native herbaceous plant. Habitats include dry-mesic railroad prairies, sand prairies, rocky glades, edges of sandy wetlands, roadsides, pastures, and abandoned fields. This milkweed can be found in both high quality habitats and disturbed areas that are sunny. Faunal Associations: The flowers of Tall Green Milkweed are cross-pollinated primarily by long-tongued bees and wasps. Bee visitors include honeybees, bumblebees, and leaf-cutting bees (Megachile spp.). To a lesser extent, the flowers also attract small butterflies and day-flying moths (e.g., Cisseps fulvicollis). These insects obtain nectar from the flowers. Milkweeds attract a special group of insects that are oligophagous on various parts of these plants. These insect feeders include caterpillars of the butterfly Danaus plexippus (Monarch) and caterpillars of the moths Cycnia inopinatus (Unexpected Cycnia), Cycnia tenera (Delicate Cycnia), and Euchaetes egle (Milkweed Tiger Moth). Some of these moths seem to prefer some Asclepias spp. over others. The larvae of some long-horned beetles bore through the stems and roots of milkweeds, specifically: Tetraopes tetrophthalmus (Red Milkweed Beetle), Tetraopes femoratus (Large Red Milkweed Beetle), and Tetraopes quinquemaculatus. This last species has been found on Tall Green Milkweed. When the follicles of milkweeds are present, the seeds are eaten by Lygaeus kalmii (Small Milkweed Bug) and Oncopeltus fasciatus (Large Milkweed Bug). Occasionally, aphids are found on the upper stems and leaf undersides; these species include Aphis asclepiadis, Myzocallis asclepiadis, Myzocallis punctatus, and Aphis nerii (Introduced Milkweed Aphid). Because the milky latex of the leaves and stems contain cardiac glycosides and possess a bitter flavor, they are usually avoided by mammalian herbivores. The White-Footed Mouse eats the seeds of milkweeds to a minor extent, while the Eastern Goldfinch uses the silky hairs of the seeds in the construction of its nests. Photographic Location: A prairie in Fayette County, Illinois. The photograph of the flowering plant was taken by Keith & Patty Horn (Copyright © 2009). A caterpillar of the Monarch butterfly is conspicuous in this photo. Comments: Tall Green Milkweed is one of the lesser known species of milkweed that is occasionally found in upland prairies. It is distinguished primarily by its greenish white umbels of flowers, lack of horns in the hoods of the flowers, and narrow alternate leaves. It also produces more umbels of flowers per plant than most milkweeds. Other milkweeds usually have opposite leaves. A somewhat similar species, Asclepias viridiflora (Short Green Milkweed), is a shorter plant with pairs of opposite leaves. It produces only 1-2 umbels of flowers that nod downward. Another similar species, Asclepias verticillata (Whorled Milkweed), is a smaller plant with whorls of grass-like leaves; these leaves are more narrow (filiform-linear) than those of Tall Green Milkweed.
0
0
文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月05日
Miss Chen

Description: This perennial plant becomes about 2-3' tall when it is mature, branching occasionally in the upper half. The stems are covered in a dense mat of short white hairs. The alternate leaves are up to 3½" long and 1" across. They are usually oblanceolate, narrowly ovate, or linear. The lower leaves may have a few lobes or coarse teeth towards their tips, while the upper leaves have smooth margins. Like the stems, the leaves have a dense mat of short white hairs, especially on the lower surface. This variety of White Sage has dense white hairs on the upper surface of the leaves as well, except for the oldest leaves toward the bottom of the plant. The leaves are sessile against the stem, or have short petioles. Some of the upper stems terminate in elongated spikes or narrow racemes of compound flowers. Each flowerhead is only 1/8" (3 mm.) across, and contains numerous whitish green disk florets that are inconspicuous. The blooming period is late summer to early fall, and lasts about 2-3 weeks. There is no floral scent, although the foliage of this plant is quite aromatic. Pollination is by wind, rather than insects. The tiny seeds are without tufts of hair, but are small enough to be distributed by the wind. The root system is rhizomatous, and can form a dense mat of roots near the surface of the ground. As a result, this plant has a strong tendency to form clonal colonies that exclude other plants. Cultivation: The preference is full sun and dry conditions. Poor soil containing hardpan clay, rocky material, or sand is actually preferred as a medium for growth, as this reduces competition from other plants. The foliage is very attractive and doesn't have significant problems with disease. This plant can spread aggressively in some situations. Range & Habitat: White Sage is occasional in northern and western Illinois, but rare or absent in other parts of the state (see Distribution Map). Some authorities think this plant is native to Illinois (e.g., Britton & Brown), while others believe it is adventive from the west (e.g., Mohlenbrock). It is usually found along railroads and roadsides, and sometimes in dry upland areas of prairies. Cultivated forms of this plant can be found in flower gardens because of the attractive foliage. If this plant is native, Illinois would be at the eastern boundary of its distribution. Faunal Associations: The flowers don't attract insects because they are wind-pollinated. White Sage has the potential to cause allergies in humans because of this pollen, but this species isn't very common within the state. Several grasshopper species feed on the foliage of White Sage (see Grasshopper Table), including an uncommon oligolectic grasshopper, Hypochlora alba (Cudweed Grasshopper), which often feeds hides in the foliage during the day. Other insect feeders include Ophraella artemisiae (Leaf Beetle sp.), Macrosiphoniella ludovicianae (Aphid sp.), and the larvae of Phaneta argenticostana (Tortricid Moth sp.); the moth larvae feed on the seedheads. Mammalian herbivores don't consume this plant because the aromatic foliage has a bitter taste. The seeds are too small to be of much interest to birds. Photographic Location: The photographs were taken at Meadowbrook Park in Urbana, Illinois, where a small colony of plants was located in a restored prairie. The plants were not in bloom. Comments: This variety of White Sage has striking foliage. The typical variety, Artemisia ludoviciana ludoviciana, has greener foliage with fewer white hairs. The leaves of this latter variety are supposed to be broader and more likely to have lobes or serrated margins toward the leaf tips. However, the hairiness and shape of the leaves can be rather variable for this species, regardless of the variety. Other Artemisia spp. have foliage that is more green and pinnately lobed. A few species, such as the introduced Artemisia vulgaris (Mugwort), have silvery hairs on the lower surface of the leaves, but their upper surface is predominantly green.
0
0
文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月05日
Miss Chen

Description: This plant is a biennial or short-lived perennial. During the 1st year, a rosette of basal leaves is produced. The basal leaves are up to 4" long and 3" across; they are deeply pinnatifid or bipinnatifid with narrow linear lobes (up to 2" long and less than 3 mm. across). The upper surface of basal leaves is grayish blue and canescent; the petioles of these leaves are variable in length. During the 2nd and later years (if any), this plant bolts to become 1½-3½' tall, while the rosette of basal leaves withers away. The central stem and ascending lateral stems are light green to dark red and terete. Usually the young tips of stems are tomentose (with short white cobwebby pubescence), otherwise they are mostly glabrous. The cauline leaves alternate along these stems; they are more common along the lower half of the central stem and lower lateral stems. The lower cauline leaves resemble the basal leaves, except they are more green. Middle cauline leaves are smaller in size and less divided into linear lobes, while the upper cauline leaves are short (less than 1" long) and linear in shape. The upper surface of these leaves is green to whitish green, flat, and tomentose, becoming more glabrous with age. The lower surface of these leaf leaves is green, rounded (convex), and glabrous. The foliage is not strongly aromatic. The central stem (and upper lateral stems, if any) terminates in a panicle of flowerheads that is about 4-18" long and about one-half as much across. Leafy linear bracts occur along the rachis (central stalk) and lateral branches of this panicle. The rachis and lateral branches are light green to dark red and glabrous to canescent. The rachis of the panicle is more or less erect, while its primary lateral branches are ascending. Individual flowerheads are whitish green or yellowish green and 2-4 mm. long and similarly across. Each flowerhead has 8-30 inner disk florets that are perfect and 5-20 outer disk florets that are pistillate. Each inner floret consists of a narrow tubular corolla with 5 teeth along its upper rim, some fertile stamens, and an abortive ovary that is sterile. Each outer floret consists of a narrow tubular corolla with 2-3 teeth along its upper rim and a fertile ovary with a divided style. The base of each flowerhead is surrounded by appressed overlapping bracts (phyllaries); individual bracts are lanceolate to ovate, mostly green, and up to 2 mm. long. At maturity, the flowerheads droop from short pedicels. The blooming period occurs from mid-summer to early autumn, lasting about 2-3 weeks. The florets are cross-pollinated primarily by the wind. Afterwards, the outer florets of the flowerheads are replaced by bullet-shaped achenes that are up to 1.0 mm. in length. These achenes are without tufts of hair or a crown of scales; they are usually distributed only a short distance from the mother plant by the wind. The root system consists of a woody taproot or caudex with fibrous roots. This plant reproduces by reseeding itself. Cultivation: The preference is full sun, dry conditions, and sandy soil. During hot dry periods, it is not uncommon for the lower leaves to wither away. This plant has some tolerance to road salt. Range & Habitat: The native Beach Wormwood is occasional in northern Illinois, and it is also occasional in the central section of the state along the Illinois River, otherwise it is rare or absent (see Distribution Map). Only ssp. caudata occurs within the state; the typical subspecies is found in Europe. Habitats include semi-stabilized sand dunes along Lake Michigan, dry areas of beaches, dry sand prairies, openings in sandy savannas, rocky glades, ledges along cliffs, sand bars and gravel bars along major rivers, abandoned sandy fields, and sandy roadsides. Beach Wormwood prefers sandy areas where there has been some disturbance from wind or wildfires. Faunal Associations: To a limited extent, Beach Wormwood may be cross-pollinated by small bees and flies seeking pollen from the flowerheads. Other insects feed destructively on Beach Wormwood and other wormwood species (Artemisia spp.). Two plant bugs, Europiella bakeri and Lygus atritibialis, have been observed to feed on Beach Wormwood specifically (Knight, 1941). Other insects that feed on wormwood species in open areas include such grasshoppers as Hesperotettix viridis (Snakeweed Grasshopper), Hypochlora alba (Cudweed Grasshopper), and Melanoplus angustipennis (Narrow-winged Sand Grasshopper); see Vickery & Kevan (1985). The caterpillars of several butterflies and moths feed on the foliage and/or flowerheads of these plants, including Vanessa cardui (Painted Lady), Vanessa virginiensis (American Painted Lady), Scrobipalpula artemisiella (Wormseed Webworm), Phaneta argenticostana (Tortricid moth sp.), and Protoschinia nuchalis (Wormseed Flower Moth); see Marcovitch (1916), Marshall (2006), and various internet websites. Several aphids (Macrosiphoniella spp.) suck plant juices from the stems, leaves, and/or flowerheads of wormseed species (Hottes & Frison, 1931; Blackman & Eastop, 2013). Because of the bitter taste of the foliage and its mild toxicity, cattle and other mammalian herbivores in the Midwestern region usually avoid consumption of Beach Wormwood and similar species. However, vertebrate wildlife in the Western region of the United States utilize these plants as sources of food to a greater extent (Martin et al., 1951/1961). Photographic Location: Sand dunes along Lake Michigan at Indiana Dunes State Park in NW Indiana. Comments: Beach Wormwood is the primary host of a rare parasitic plant, Orobanche fasciculata (Clustered Broomrape). The pale flowering stalk of this parasitic plant can be observed near Beach Wormwood during late spring or summer. A similar species, Orobanche ludoviciana (Prairie Broomrape), is also parasitic on Beach Wormwood, but this latter species is parasitic on a variety of other species in the Asteraceae. Among the several Artemisia spp. in Illinois, Beach Wormwood can be identified by the toothless linear lobes (less than 3 mm. across) of its deeply divided leaves. It is also unusual in having perfect florets with sterile ovaries, which are normally fertile in other Artemisia spp. Another common name of Artemisia campestris caudata is Field Sagewort. A scientific synonym of this species is Artemisia caudata.
0
0
文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月05日
Miss Chen

Description: This perennial plant initially forms a tuft of low basal leaves. The basal leaves are very similar in appearance to the lower cauline leaves (to be described shortly), except their petioles are somewhat longer. During the spring, this plant bolts, becoming 3-4' tall and unbranched, except near the inflorescence. The stout central stem is light green, terete, and glabrous; it has conspicuous longitudinal veins that are red. The cauline leaves are alternate, becoming smaller and less abundant as they ascend the central stem. The lower cauline leaves are up to 7" long and 4" across; they are broadly elliptic in shape and their margins are smooth to coarsely dentate. The upper cauline leaves are up to 4" long and 3" across; they are broadly ovate to elliptic in shape and their margins are smooth to coarsely dentate. The leaves are medium green, except along their margins, where they are often greenish white to reddish green. The leaves are glabrous and their texture is somewhat succulent (thick and rubbery); their primary veins are usually parallel. The petioles of the leaves are stout, glabrous, and greenish white to reddish green. The petioles of basal leaves are up to 4" long, while the petioles of cauline leaves are up to 2" long, becoming shorter as they ascend the central stem. The uppermost cauline leaves are often sessile. The central stem terminates in a flat-headed panicle of flowerheads spanning 3-10" across. The structure of this panicle is relatively irregular and loose. The branches of the panicle are greenish white to white, more or less terete, glabrous, and sometimes glaucous. At maturity, these flowerheads are about 8-10 mm. long, 4-5 mm. across, broadly oblongoid-ellipsoid, and 5-keeled. The sides of each flowerhead consist of 5 phyllaries (floral bracts) in a single series; these phyllaries are greenish white to white, broadly elliptic in shape, glabrous, and strongly keeled. The keels of these phyllaries have white-membranous wings. Within the interior of each flowerhead, there are 5 perfect disk florets; these florets are slightly exserted from the phyllaries. The corollas of these disk florets are greenish white to reddish white, narrowly cylindrical in shape, and 5-lobed. The corolla lobes are linear-lanceolate and strongly recurved. The blooming period occurs from early to mid-summer, lasting about 3-4 weeks for a colony of plants. There is no noticeable floral scent. Afterwards, the florets are replaced by achenes about 4-5 mm. long that are dark brown, narrowly bullet-shaped, and longitudinally ribbed. At their apices, these achenes have spreading tufts of white hair; they are distributed to some extent by the wind. The root system consists of a shallow crown with coarse fibrous roots. This plant spreads by reseeding itself. Cultivation: The preference is full to partial sun, moist conditions, and soil containing some decaying organic matter. This plant tolerates occasional periods of standing water. Soil with either a high or low pH is tolerated. Foliar disease doesn't appear to be troublesome. Range & Habitat: This uncommon plant occurs primarily in NE Illinois, and scattered counties elsewhere (see Distribution Map), where it is native. At one time, large populations of Prairie Indian Plantain occurred in wetland areas, particularly in the Chicago region, but they have been largely destroyed by modern development. This plant still occurs in such habitats as moist black soil prairies, dolomite prairies, moist meadows along rivers, savannas, thickets, marshes, fens, remnant bogs, and calcareous seeps. In developed areas, it may occur along ditches near railroads and roadsides. This is an indicator plant of high quality habitat. Faunal Associations: The flowers of Prairie Indian Plantain appear to attract only a few insect visitors. Those that have been observed include the parasitoid Halictid bee Sphecodes dichrous, Myzinum quinquecinctum (Five-banded Tiphiid Wasp), the butterfly Lycaena hyllus (Bronze Copper), and Lygaeus turcicus (False Milkweed Bug). These insects were feeding on nectar (Robertson, 1929). Both the adults and larvae of an oligophagous Lizard beetle, Languria bicolor, feed destructively on species of Indian Plantain (Arnoglossum); the adults chew holes in the leaves, while the larvae live in the stems (Vaurie, 1948). The larvae of a Gracillariid moth, Phyllocnistis insignis, form serpentine mines in the leaves of Indian Plantain and other genera in the Aster family (Microleps website, 2010). At the present time, information about this plant's relationships to vertebrate animals is unavailable. Photographic Location: The photographs were taken at Loda Cemetery Prairie in Iroquois County, Illinois. Comments: While the flowerheads are not particularly showy, the thick rubbery leaves provide Prairie Indian Plantain with a presence that is quite interesting and different. This is the only Arnoglossum species in Illinois that has basal leaves and lower cauline leaves that are shaped like the leaves of broad-leaved plantains (e.g., Plantago major and Plantago rugelii). Other species of this genus have basal leaves and lower cauline leaves that are more broad and more deeply lobed or toothed – this is probably an accommodation to the lower light levels of the woodland habitats in which they are more likely to occur. While Prairie Indian Plantain is often regarded as a wetland species, it also occurs in moist meadows and prairies.
0
0
文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月05日
Miss Chen

Description: This herbaceous perennial plant forms a rosette of spreading to ascending basal leaves. The basal leaves are up to 12" long and 4" across, although they are usually less than two-thirds of the maximum size; they are simple-pinnate with 5-11 pairs of sessile opposite leaflets and a sessile terminal leaflet. The petioles of basal leaves are relatively stout and more or less long-hairy, especially toward their bases; they are light green, whitish yellow, or red. The leaflets become gradually larger toward the tips of the compound leaves; they are up to 2" long and ¾" across. The leaflets are elliptic-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong in shape and coarsely serrated along their margins; the teeth of the margins have narrow bristly tips. The upper leaflet surface is yellowish green to dark green, glabrous to sparsely hairy, and more or less shiny. The lower leaflet surface is white-canescent from dense minute hairs, and some longer white hairs may be present. Interspersed between these leaflets, there are often much smaller secondary leaflets with similar characteristics. The rachises of the compound leaves are similar to their petioles, except there are grooved above and tend to be less hairy. From the center of the rosette of basal leaves, one or more widely spreading stolons are produced that are 1-3' long. At intervals along these stolons, there are leafy-bracted nodes about 4-6" apart. The stolons are red, terete, and glabrous to sparsely long-hairy. The leafy bracts of the nodes are simple-pinnate; they resemble the basal leaves, except they are much smaller in size (up to 4" long and 1" across). When the nodes have contact with moist ground, they are able to develop new roots, from which new rosettes of basal leaves can develop. Solitary flowers are produced from the nodes of the stolons on long naked pedicels (floral stalks) about 2-6" long. These ascending to erect pedicels are light green to red, terete, and nearly glabrous to long-hairy. Each flower spans about ¾" across, consisting of 5 spreading yellow petals, 5 light green sepals, a ring of 20-25 yellow stamens, and a central head of 20-100+ yellow pistils. The petals are obovate or broadly elliptic in shape, while the hairy sepals are ovate, and often cuspidate (abruptly tapering into narrow pointed tips). Directly underneath the sepals, there are 5 floral bractlets; these bractlets are similar to the sepals, except they are usually lanceolate and sometimes sparingly toothed. Both the sepals and bractlets are joined together at the base, and they are both shorter than the petals. The blooming period occurs during the summer and early autumn for 2-3 months. Flowering is more abundant during periods of active growth. Cross-pollination of the flowers is required for the production of fertile seeds. The seedheads are cupped along their sides by the persistent sepals and floral bractlets. Individual seeds are 2–2.5 mm. long, compressed-ovoid in shape, and grooved along the upper surface. Because the outer seed coat is somewhat corky from enclosed air pores, the seeds are able to float on water; they can also be blown about by the wind. The primary root system consists of a taproot that often branches. This plant forms clonal colonies by means of its stolons. Cultivation: The preference is full sun, wet to mesic conditions, and calcareous soil containing gravel or sand. This plant doesn't tolerate much competition from taller vegetation. Range & Habitat: The native Silverweed is uncommon in NE Illinois, while in the rest of the state it is absent (see Distribution Map). Silverweed has a wide distribution in boreal areas of North America, and it also occurs in Eurasia. Habitats include sand prairies, moist sand flats (pannes), borders of interdunal swales, low areas along sandy ponds, small sand dunes, middle to upper beach areas, and gravelly or sandy areas along mowed paths. In Illinois, this plant occurs primarily along Lake Michigan. It is usually found in high quality habitats where there is some natural disturbance from water or wind, although it can also colonize open degraded areas that are moist, sandy, or gravelly. This is one of the pioneer plant species that helps to stabilize the sand in wetlands, low dunes, and beach areas. Faunal Associations: The flowers are usually cross-pollinated by various bees and flies, including bumblebees, cuckoo bees (Stelis spp.), Andrenid bees, and Syrphid flies (Miyanishi et al., 1991; Krombein et al., 1979; Discover Life, 2015). Both nectar and pollen are available as floral rewards. A small number of insects have been reported to feed on the foliage, sap, or roots of Silverweed in North America. These species include a flea beetle (Altica browni) and several aphids (Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Macrosiphum potentillae, and Rhopalosiphoninus latisiphon); see Clark et al, (2004) and Blackman & Eastop (2013). Foliage and flowers of Silverweed are occasionally browsed by White-tailed Deer and other hoofed mammalian herbivores, although they are not eaten by the granivorous American Bison. By surviving the passage through their digestive tracts, the seeds of this plant may be spread to new locations by these mammals. Photographic Location: A moist gravelly area along a path and a low area along a sandy pond at Illinois Beach State Park in NE Illinois. Comments: A scientific synonym of Silverweed is Potentilla anserina. The description of this plant refers to the typical subspecies, Argentina anserina anserina. This is the only subspecies that occurs in Illinois. Other subspecies have been described that vary in such characteristics as the hairiness of the foliage, the general size of individual plants, the presence or absence of an upper groove on the seeds, the relative size of the sepals versus the floral bractlets, and other characteristics. It is relatively easy to distinguish Silverweed from similar species (mainly Potentilla spp.). Compared to these other species, Silverweed can be distinguished by the greater number of leaflets per compound leaf, brilliant white undersides on its leaflets, sharp bristly teeth along the margins of its leaflets, and conspicuous red stolons.
0
0
文章
Miss Chen
2017年08月05日
Miss Chen

Description: This is a low prostrate shrub about 2-8" tall that branches occasionally, often forming a mat of trailing branches and leafy shoots. The older branches are woody with thin bark; young shoots are whitish green to red, more or less pubescent, and terete (circular in circumference). Alternate evergreen leaves occur along the young shoots; these leaves are ascending to widely spreading, and they overlap more toward the tips of shoots than toward their bases. Individual leaves are ½–1" long and ¼–½" across; they are oblanceolate or oblanceolate-elliptic in shape, while their margins are entire (toothless) and slightly ciliate. The upper leaf surface is dark green, hairless, and shiny, while the lower leaf surface is medium green and hairless. Leaf texture is leathery and leaf venation is pinnate. The leaves taper gradually into short petioles about 1/8" (3 mm.) long. Short clusters of 2-15 drooping flowers are produced from the tips of last year's twigs. Each flower is about ½" long and ½" across, consisting of a white to pink urn-shaped corolla, a very short calyx with 5 half-orbicular lobes, 10 inserted stamens, and a glabrous ovary with an inserted style. Mature Drupes The corolla is constricted around its neck, above which there are 5 tiny lobes that are recurved and half-orbicular in shape. The interior of the corolla is hairy. The lobed calyx is predominately light green to red; its lobes have white- membranous margins. Both the peduncle and pedicels of the inflorescence are light green to red, glabrous to short-pubescent, and terete. The blooming period occurs from late spring to early summer, lasting about 2-3 weeks. Afterwards, fertile flowers are replaced by drupes that develop during the summer. Mature drupes are ¼–½" across, globoid to subgloboid in shape, smooth, and bright red. The fleshy interior of each mature drupe is dry, mealy, and tasteless, containing 4-5 hard seeds that are irregularly shaped. The woody root system can extend 3-6' into the ground. This shrub reproduces primarily by layering; when its branches and shoots become submerged in sand or soil, they can develop new roots. By this means, clonal colonies are produced. To a lesser extent, this shrub also reproduces by reseeding itself. The evergreen leaves become red to dark red during the winter. Cultivation: The preference is full or partial sun, dry conditions, and sterile soil containing acidic rocky material or sand. Growth and development is slow. This winter-hardy evergreen shrub can be started from rooted cuttings. It can be used as a low ground cover in sunny rock gardens. The long-lasting drupes can persist into autumn, winter, and early spring. Range & Habitat: The native Bearberry occurs primarily in northern Illinois, where it is rare and state-listed as 'endangered' (see Distribution Map). However, some large healthy populations of this low shrub can be found along the sand dunes of Lake Michigan. Illinois lies along the southern range-limit of this species. Bearberry has a wide distribution in boreal areas of North America; it also occurs in boreal areas of Eurasia. Habitats include dry sandy woodlands, dry sandy prairies, sandstone glades, exposed sandstone cliffs, and sand dunes along Lake Michigan. In the latter habitat, Bearberry is often codominant with Trailing Juniper (Juniperus horizontalis). This conservative shrub is found in high quality natural areas. It is also cultivated occasionally in gardens. Wildfire resistant is relatively poor, although some crowns and submerged rooted branches can survive light fires (Crane, 1991). Faunal Associations: The urn-shaped flowers are probably cross-pollinated by long-tongued bees, where both nectar and pollen are available as floral rewards. A relatively small number of insects feed on the leaves and other parts of Bearberry. These species include two aphids, Tamalia coweni and Wahlgreniella nervata; Clastoptera saintcyri (Heath Spittlebug); two leafhoppers, Limotettix arctostaphyli and Texananus cumulatus; the larvae of two butterflies, Callophrys augustinus (Brown Elfin) and Callophrys polios (Hoary Elfin); and the larvae of a Pyralid moth, Pyla arenaeola (see Hottes & Frison, 1931; Hamilton, 1982; DeLong, 1948; Opler & Krizek, 1984; and Panzer et al., 2006). Two polyphagous insects, Lepidosaphes ulmi (Oystershell Scale) and Pseudococcus sorghiellus (Trochanter Mealybug), also reportedly feed on Bearberry. Foliage of Bearberry is browsed sparingly by White-tailed Deer and Elk. However, it is consider unpalatable and slightly toxic to horses, cattle, and other livestock. The fruits of this shrub are eaten by various upland gamebirds, songbirds, black bears, and small mammals, especially during the winter and early spring, as a source of emergency food (see Crane, 1991; Martin et al., 1951/1961; Rumble & Anderson, 1996). Most of these observations for vertebrate animals have occurred in the western United States and Canada. Photographic Location: Sand dunes along Lake Michigan at Illinois Beach State Park in NE Illinois. Comments: Along with Trailing Juniper (Juniperus horizontalis), Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) plays an important role in stabilizing the sand dunes along Lake Michigan in NE Illinois. It is typically found along the slopes or the tops of such dunes. Taller shrubs that colonize this area include Low Common Juniper (Juniperus communis depressa), Sand Cherry (Prunus pumila), and Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana). Bearberry has attractive flowers, fruits, and foliage throughout the year. Because of its wide distribution, there is some variability across different populations, and different varieties/subspecies have been described. Bearberry resembles another species in the Heath family, American Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens), in appearance. This latter species can be distinguished by its somewhat larger leaves (1-2" long), the wintergreen aroma of its leaves when they are crushed, the spicy flavor of its fruits, and the more pointed calyces of its flowers. It produces solitary flowers from the leaf axils, rather than clusters of 2-15 flowers from the tips of twigs. Another common name of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi is Kinnikinnik. This was originally an Amerindian name for this shrub; its dried leaves were often used as an ingredient in tobacco by them.
0
0
文章
426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441
相关用户
筒叶花月
筒叶花月
来自： 斑目
玉露
玉露
来自： 安静的种花人
玉露
玉露
来自： 石头剪子布
天津
玉露
玉露
来自： 绿野鱼悅
温州市
筒叶花月
筒叶花月
来自： Heidi Liu
玉露
玉露
来自： 一万吨少女心
筒叶花月
筒叶花月
来自： KiddaHoo
郑州
保利安娜
保利安娜
来自： 辣木姐--璐颖
玉露
玉露
来自： 倾心
福州
玉露
玉露
来自： 小欢喜
广州
举报 反馈

您有什么意见或建议，欢迎给我们留言。

请输入内容
提交
取消
设置
VIP
退出登录
关闭
分享

分享好文，绿手指（GFinger）养花助手见证你的成长。

关闭
请前往电脑端操作

请前往电脑端操作

关闭
转发
插入话题
提醒好友
发布
/
提交成功 提交失败 最大图片质量 成功 警告 啊哦！ 出了点小问题 转发成功 举报 转发 显示更多 _zh 文章 求助 动态 刚刚 回复 邀你一起尬聊！ 表情 添加图片 评论 仅支持 .JPG .JPEG .PNG .GIF 图片尺寸不得小于300*300px 最少上传一张图片 请输入内容