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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Liliaceae Stems - From bulb. Aerial stems to +25cm tall, 2-3mm in diameter, glabrous, hollow.
Leaves - Basal, linear, glabrous, to +15cm long, 3-4mm broad. Inflorescence - Umbels of +/-8 flowers terminating aerial stems, subtended by scarious bracts. Flowers - Tepals 6, greenish at base, fading to white at apex, free, to 1cm long, 3.5mm broad, glabrous, oblong. Stamens 6, borne at base of tepals. Filaments to 4mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 3mm long, 1mm broad. Style 1, glabrous, 4mm long. Ovary superior, glabrous, with 3 locules, many seeded. Flowering - March - May and perhaps again in early fall.
Habitat - Open fields, prairies, glades, streambanks, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a tiny yet unmistakable lily. It resembles other small lilies such as garlic but has no garlic scent to it and hence acquires the common name "False garlic." It is common throughout most of the state below the Missouri river but does grow in some counties north of the river also.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - To +60cm long(tall), erect to ascending or creeping, from taproot and fibrous roots (often rooting at nodes), herbaceous, glabrous, fistulose. Leaves - Alternate, odd-pinnate, petiolate, to +15cm long, glabrous. Petiole partially clasping the stem. Leaflets 3-11, opposite to subopposite, sessile, oblique at base, ovate-lanceolate, often emarginate at apex, to +2cm long, +1cm broad, entire to irregularly shallow crenate.
Inflorescence - Compact terminal racemes, quickly elongating in fruit to +20cm long. Pedicels glabrous, 2-7mm long in flower, elongating in fruit. Flowers - Petals 4, free, white, clawed, glabrous. Claw to 2mm long. Limb rounded at apex, 3mm long, 2mm broad. Stamens 6, with 4 long and 2 short. Shorter staens opposite and outside of longer stamens. Filaments purplish, glabrous, 3.5mm long. Anthers yellow. Ovary terete, purplish-green, 2.5mm long, glabrous. Style very short or wanting, persistent in fruit as beak. Stigma 2-lobed, capitate. Sepals 4, free, glabrous or with a few minute strigose hairs at apex, 3mm long, 1.2mm broad, often with revolute margins. Siliques to +1.5cm long, terete, glabrous, many-seeded.
Flowering - April - October. Habitat - In water and on wet ground. Origin - Native to Eurasia. Other info. - Nasturtium is a fairly common plant throughout the southern half of Missouri but is also found in a few counties north of the Missouri River. Another species, N. microphyllum (Boenn.) Reichb. is found in the U.S.(not yet in Missouri) and is native to Europe. This species has long slender fruits to +2.5cm.
N. officinaleis an edible plant and was used by Indians to cure many ailments. You should be sure the plant is growing in clean water or on clean soil before you harvest it for food. When growing in water the plant forms many roots from its nodes and forms large mats as shown above. On land, the plant is a bit more ragged and thin:
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Liliaceae Stems - From bulb. Aerial stems to +40cm tall, glabrous. Leaves - Basal, linear, -1cm broad, +50cm long, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Typically single flower terminating aerial stem, nodding. Flowers - Tepals 6, fused at base forming green floral tube to 3cm long, 5mm in diameter. Showy portions (lobes) of perianth 2.6cm broad, +3cm long, truncate or obtuse at apex with small mucronate projection, glabrous, white. Corona (floral cup) fringed with red, yellow below, 1.3cm in diameter, margin crisped, 2-4mm long. Stamens 6, borne near opening of perianth tube. Style 1, 3cm long, glabrous. Ovary inferior, +/-1.8cm long, +/-1cm broad, glabrous, with 3 locules, many seeded, placentation axile.
Flowering - March - May. Habitat - Cultivated but escaped to fields, disturbed sites, open woods, roadsides. Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This species is not nearly as common as its relative N. pseudonarcissus L., the Daffodil, but it is still fairly common and found in many areas throughout the state. The floral cup - corona - is much smaller than in N. pseudonarcissus and the perianth lobes are white instead of the typical yellow of N. pseudonarcissus.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Boraginaceae Stems - From a taproot and fibrous roots, multiple from the base, erect, herbaceous, green, hirsute, slightly angled from decurrent leaf tissue, to 50cm tall (in fruit), branching.
Leaves - Alternate. Basal leaves spatulate, to +/-6cm long, -2cm broad. Cauline leaves sessile, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, to 6cm long, 1.5cm broad. All leaves entire, hirsute, acute to rounded at the apex, green, with a single distinct midrib. Faint lateral venation anastomosing before the leaf margin. Inflorescence - Terminal and lateral scorpoid racemes or cymes, compact in flower, very elongated in fruit. Pedicels short in flower, elongating to 3-4mm long in fruit, lanate. Axis of inflorescence lanate.
Flowers - Corolla white, funnelform, glabrous, slightly zygomorphic, 3mm broad, 3mm long, 5-lobed. Longest lobes to 1.2mm long, 1mm broad, truncate at apex. Fornices small, included in the throat of the corolla. Stamens 5, adnate above the base of the corolla tube. Filaments minute, -.1mm long. Anthers brownish, .5mm long. Ovary 4-lobed, subtended by a green nectary. Lobes green, glabrous, lenticular, to .3mm in diameter, with a slightly winged margin, expanding to +2mm in diameter in fruit. Style exserted from between ovary lobes, green, .7mm long, glabrous, included. Stigma bilobed. Calyx accrescent, densely uncinate pubescent (hirsute) externally, glabrous internally, 5-lobed, zygomorphic. Lobes attenuate, the longest to 2mm in flower (longer in fruit). Calyx tube to 2mm long in flower, longer in fruit.
Flowering - April - May. Habitat - Fallow and cultivated fields, moist to dry woods, slopes, bottoms, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant can be identified by its small white flowers, hirsute stems, and elongated inflorescences (in fruit). Steyermark listed this species as a variety of M. virginica (L.) BSP. More modern taxonomy lumps M. virginica and M. macrosperma into the same species, M. verna Nutt. Regardless of what you call the plant, its annoying fruits will stick to your clothes and hair and are a chore to remove.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Monotropaceae, (Ericaceae) (Pyrolaceae) Flowering - August - October.
Habitat - Dry upland woods, ravines, thickets, slopes, ridges.

Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This unique plant can be found throughout much of Missouri but is apparently absent from the west-central portion of the state. The plant grows in thick leaf litter (mulch) and is saprophytic. This is probably the easiest plant in Missouri to identify as nothing else resembles it. Another species, M. hypopithys L., has the same growth pattern but is a yellow to gold plant which turns red when fruiting. This latter species is less common in Missouri. M. uniflora is pure white when fresh and begins to turn black upon drying. The fruits of the plant become completely erect as opposed to the flowers which nod. Traditionally the plant was used to treat warts, inflammation, and general pains. A root tea was used to treat convulsions and epilepsy. The plant contains glycosides and is probably toxic. Three families are listed above because the taxonomy of this group seems to change daily.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Menispermaceae Stems - Thin, twining, woody below, dark maroon in color, young portions with some hair but becoming glabrous (glabrescent). No tendrils.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, peltate (look from below to see), with 3-7 broad, shallow lobes, margins entire, upper surface glabrous, lower surface silvery-green with some pubescence. Inflorescence - Pendant clusters of 40 or so flowers from leaf axils. Staminate and pistillate clusters separate on same plant. Flowers - Petals 4-8, 2-3mm long, whitish, ovate, glabrous. Stamens numerous(+15).Filaments white, glabrous, -4mm long. Anthers yellow, -1mm long. Fruits - Drupes, indigo-black in color, somewhat glaucous, 6-7mm in diameter.
Flowering - May - July. Habitat - Moist woods, thickets, fence rows. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - Although the plant and fruits may loosely resemble grapes, they should not be eaten as they are mildly toxic. The plant can climb to around 7m or so.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月16日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Fabaceae Stems - To +2m tall, herbaceous, erect, branching, typically single from base, glabrous or with a few sparse hairs.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, stipulate. Stipules linear-attenuate, 4-5mm long, -1mm broad, glabrous. Petioles to +/-1cm long, glabrous or with a few sparse hairs, with an adaxial groove. Petiolules to 2mm long on lateral leaflets and 5-6mm long on terminal leaflet. Leaflets subequal (the terminal slightly larger), oblong to oblong-oblanceolate, serrate-dentate, glabrous, to +/-3cm long, +/-1cm broad. Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate racemes to +/-8cm long(tall) in flower, longer in fruit. Axis sparsely pubescent. Each pedicel subtended by a linear-attenuate bract to 1mm long. Pedicels to 1.1mm long, mostly glabrous.
Flowers - Corolla white, papilionaceous, glabrous. Standard to 4mm long. The keel petals apically connate. The wing petals basally adnate to the keels, with basal auricles to .5mm long. Stamens diadelphous, white, glabrous. Anthers yellow, .2mm long. Style glabrous, +/-2mm long. Ovary green, glabrous, 1.1mm long. Fruits to 4-5mm long, inflated, with a short beak, glabrous, green. Calyx weakly bilabiate. Calyx tube green, to 1mm long, sparsely pubescent to glabrous. The upper lip 2-lobed. Lobes triangular-acuminate, 1mm long. The lower lip 3-lobed. The lobes slightly larger to equaling those of the upper lip.Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Disturbed sites, waste ground, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Eurasia. Other info. - This plant is extremely common and is very invasive. It was and is used for fodder because if its protein content. The plant has an undesirable smell (at least to me) when crushed or cut. Many people have reported headaches after being exposed to the smell of the freshly cut plants for too long. Some people become noxious from the smell. Plants from the genus Melilotus contain coumarins, which are used to make rat poisons. This plant is very similar to M. officinalis but that species starts blooming a few weeks to a month earlier and has yellow flowers.
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