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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Ranunculaceae Stems - To 25cm tall, from thick rhizome, hirsute, (at least in upper portions), herbaceous, with only two leaves.
Leaves - Two, alternate, double or triple serrate, pubescent above and below. Lower leaf petiolate, 5-11 palmately lobed, to +10cm broad, +8cm long. Petiole hirsute, to +2cm long. Upper leaf sessile, typically smaller than lower leaf. Inflorescence - A single flower per plant, terminating stem.
Flowers - One, apetalous. Sepals 3, shed at anthesis. Stamens many(+50). Filaments white, glabrous, thicker at apex than base, to 1mm thick, 8-9mm long, curved. Anthers yellow, to 1mm long. Peduncle to +2cm long, thick, hirsute. Fruit a sub-globose cluster of red berries, to 1.3cm broad. Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Rich slopes, woods, ravines, thickets. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a fairly common plant which is often dug for medicinal reasons. The plant contains different alkaloids and was used in folk medicine to combat everything from cancer to stomach aches. It is, however, toxic and should not be eaten. Please admire the plant for its beauty and don't pick it!
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Malvaceae Stems - To 2.5m tall, herbaceous, glabrous and glaucous to pubescent, reddish above, multiple from base, branching.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petiole to 8cm long, glabrous and glaucous to sparse pubescent, reddish. Blade ovate, cordate to subcordate at base, acuminate at apex, to 15cm long, +10cm broad, glabrous to sparse pubescent or sericeous with stellate hairs below, dentate, with or without small lobes, NOT with two pointed lobes at base perpendicular to midrib (these are found in H. militaris (syn. H. laevis) which can have an identical flower). Veins of blade typically red. Inflorescence - Single pedunculate flowers from leaf axils. Peduncle to +4cm long, reddish, glabrous and glaucous to pubescent. Flowers subtended by ring of 10 erect attenuate bracts. Bracts to +2.5cm long, 2mm broad, pubescent.
Flowers - Corolla large, to +15cm broad. Petals 5, adnate to stamen column at base, white(or pink) with wine color at base, to 10cm long, 6cm broad, externally dense stellate pubescent at base. Stamens many at apex of column. Filaments to 3mm long. Anthers 2mm long. Carpels 5. Style 5-parted near apex. Stigmas 5, capitate. Calyx tube to +2cm long, 5-lobed, 5-nerved, stellate pubescent. Lobes to 2cm long, 1.7cm broad at base, acuminate, dense stellate pubescent. Calyx accrescent.
Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Wet edges of ponds, lakes, ditches, and streams, low wet woods. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This plant is quite variable in its pubescence. Some plants are almost completely glabrous and others just a meter away are densely pubescent. The corolla is typically white with the wine base but pink flowered plants are found also. Here is a pink plant: The flowers of this plant are very showy and dominate the landscape when in full bloom. This is a great native plant to use in a wet garden location. The seeds are easy to collect as the capsule stays within the persistent calyx until it dries and falls.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Ranunculaceae Stems - Absent. Leaves and flowers from a small caudex and thickened roots.
Leaves - Few to many leaves from the base of the plant, petiolate. Leaves at anthesis from previous year. New seasons leaves appearing after the flowers. Petioles to +/-15cm long, purplish, sericeous, flattened or with a shallow groove adaxially. Blades 3-lobed, to +/-8cm long, +/-10cm broad, green when fresh, overwintering, mottled or purple, sericeous below (sparse), glabrous above. Lobes acute, entire, broadly ovate. Lateral lobes oblique at the base. Inflorescence - One to many flowers arising from the base of the plant. Bracts enclosing the flower buds purple-scarious, glabrous, to +/-1.5cm long, acute. Peduncles quickly expanding in flower to +/-9cm long, purplish-green, sericeous, with long hairs, mostly terete.
Flowers - Sepals petaloid, 6, typically blue but also white or rose, to 1.5cm long, +/-7mm broad, glabrous, mostly rounded at the apex, oblong, distinct. Stamens many (+/-40), arising from beneath the carpels, mostly erect. Filaments white, glabrous, slightly thickened at the apex, to 6mm long. Anthers white to pale yellow, 1mm long and broad. Carpels many, green, to 3mm long in flower (total), sericeous (pilose) mostly in the basal 2/3. Receptacle pilose. Floral bracts 4, green, sericeous externally, glabrous internally, entire, to 1cm long, to 5mm broad, elliptic to lanceolate, rounded to acute at the apex, distinct. Flowering - February - April.
Habitat - Rich, north-facing slopes of well drained soils. Typically on limestone. Origin - Native to U.S. (and Europe?) Other info. - This attractive species can be found mainly in the eastern half of the state. The plant is easy to identify because of its three-lobed leaves. No other plant in the state resembles it. The typical flower color is blue but the white-flowered form is common also. Here is a bluish group of flowers: Another species, H. americana (DC.) Ker, is similar but has leaves which are rounded at the apices. This latter species is less common in Missouri. To read about the medicinal uses of Hepatica see the Hepatica americana page.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Boraginaceae Stems - To +/-25cm tall, erect, branching, herbaceous, terete, with a fairly dense appressed grey pubescence (giving the stems a grey appearance), from a taproot and some spreading roots, often becoming purplish in strong sun.
Leaves - Alternate, short-petiolate to sessile, linear, to 4cn long, 3-5mm broad. Petioles to 2-3mm long. Blades deep green above, with appressed pubescence, with a single midrib, entire, acute. Margins often revolute in strong sun. Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate loose cymes. Flowers sessile.
Flowers - Corolla white, 5-lobed, 5-6mm broad, salverform. Corolla tube canescent externally, 3mm long. Corolla lobes rounded, glabrous internally, to 2mm broad. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the corolla tube, included. Filaments wanting. Anthers to 1mm long, surrounding the pistil. Ovary superior, globose, green, .3mm in diameter. Style minute. Stigma subconic, .6mm long. Sepals 5, equal to unequal, with the same pubescence as the stem, linear-oblong, to 5-6mm long, 1-2mm broad, entire.
Flowering - June - August. Habitat - Limestone glades and rocky prairies. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little species is common in the Ozark region of Missouri. The plant is a characteristic glade species. H. tenellum is an easy species to ID because of its canescent stems, small white flowers, and habitat.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Boraginaceae Stems - To 1.5m tall, single from base but with many divergent branches,(branches perpendicular to stem axis, horizontal), scabrous, often with purple-black striations, hirsute and antrorse strigose above, sometimes retrorse strigose below, erect, herbaceous but tough and stout.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petiole winged. Blade to +/-20cm long, +/-7cm broad, ovate to elliptic-ovate below, becoming lance-oblong above, scabrous, acute, entire, reduced above.
Inflorescence - At anthesis flowers in a compact coiled cymes at tip of stems. Inflorescence quickly elongating and become racemose, to +20cm long. Fruits pendant, subtended by small bract. Petioles to 2mm in flower, elongating in fruit to +4mm long, dense pubescent. Flowers - Corolla tube 1.2mm long, glabrous, white, 5-lobed. Lobes blunt, rounded, -1mm long, 1mm broad, glabrous, with conspicuous fornices at corolla throat. Fornices white. Stamens 5, included, adnate at base of corolla tube, alternating with corolla lobes. Filaments .1mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers yellowish at first, reddish with age, .3mm long. Ovary 4-lobed, green, tuberculate, .8mm broad. Style short, included, .2mm long, glabrous, pale yellow to whitish. Stigma capitate. Calyx tube to .3mm long, pubescent, 5-lobed. Lobes ovate, 1.2mm long, acute, antrorse pubescent externally, glabrous internally, erect in flower, spreading in fruit. Calyx accrescent. Fruit a 4-parted globose capsule, 5-6mm in diameter, with dense bristles. Bristles glochidiate.
Flowering - June - September. Habitat - Open woods, thickets, waste ground. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a common species in Missouri and quite a pain if you happen to walk into a fruiting bush. The fruits cling to clothing and hair better than probably any other Missouri species. Viewed under a microscope, the bristles of the fruit have a ring of retrorse barbs at their apices (glochidiate). The flowers of the plant are incredibly minute but are easily recognizable as belonging to the family Boraginaceae because of their tubular 5-lobed design, and the fornices at the base of the corolla lobes.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To 1m tall, arachnoid pubescent, typically single and simple from the base but branching near apex, erect, herbaceous, terete.
Leaves - Alternate, linear to linear-oblong or linear lanceolate, to +/- 7cm long, entire, many per stem, abaxial surface typically with dense arachnoid pubescence, adaxial surface dark green and somewhat shiny. Lower leaves typically dried at anthesis. Inflorescence - Branching corymbose arrangement at top of stems, generally rounded or dome shaped with age. Involucre - To +/-6mm tall (long). Phyllaries scarious-white, imbricate, appressed, arachnoid pubescent. Ray flowers - Absent.
Disk flowers - Minute, creamy white to pale yellow, mostly included within the involucre. Pappus of capillary bristles. Flowering - July - November. Habitat - Pastures, waste ground, disturbed sites, woodland, prairies, thickets, roadsides, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is an easy species to identify. The arachnoid pubescent stems and white involucres are characteristic. The plant can be found throughout Missouri. Steyermark lists two varieties for the state. Variety obtusifolium (pictured above) has stems and leaves with a dense white hairiness. Variety micradenium has stems with glandular hairs and no dense white hairiness. This variety is much less common.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Rosaceae Stems - To +1m tall, herbaceous, erect, glabrous to pubescent, branching, multiple from base, sub-hollow, greenish to red above, from caudex, rhizomatous.
Leaves - Alternate, stipulate, short-petiolate, trifoliolate. Stipules large, foliaceous, serrate, ovate, +/-2.5cm long and broad, pubescent below, glabrous ir sparse pubescent above. Leaflets sessile, linear-lanceolate, to 9cm long, 2cm broad, serrate, pubescent below, sparse pubescent above, central leaflet slightly larger than lateral leaflets. Leaflets of lowest leaves pinnatifid.
Inflorescence - Axillary and terminal loose few-flowered panicles. Each divisions of inflorescence subtended by reduced foliaceous bract. Flowers - Petals 5, white, acute to acuminate, 1.2cm long, 3-4mm broad, glabrous, oblong, clawed. Claw to 3mm long. Stamens 20, borne at edge of hypanthium, in two sets. Filaments white, glabrous, 2mm long. Anthers tan, 1mm in diameter. Pistils 5, distinct. Styles white, 3mm long, glabrous. Ovaries yellow-green, 1.9mm long. Hypanthium tube 5-6mm long, 3-4mm in diameter, greenish-white to reddish, truncate at base, glabrous. Sepals 5, acute, 1.1mm long, with some pubescence internally near apex. Follicles to 8mm long, glabrous, with +/-3 seeds.
Flowering - May - July. Habitat - Rocky open woods, roadsides. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - A common name for this plant is "American Ipecac" because the plant had been used by natives as a laxative and emetic. This is not, however, the common Ipecac of modern medicine. Today's Ipecac comes from Cephaelis ipecacuanha, a member of the Rubiaceae from South America. A synonym is Porteranthus stipulatus (Muhl.) Britt.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Rosaceae Stems - To 75cm tall, multiple from base, erect, herbaceous, typically simple, densely pubescent with distinct short and long hairs, from small caudex and rhizomes.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate, serrate, pubescent below, sparse appressed pubescent above. Stipules foliaceous, lobed, serrate to entire, pubescent, to 2cm long, +1cm broad. Petioles long on basal leaves, reduced above(to -1cm long), pubescent. Lower cauline leaves typically trifoliolate. Lateral leaflets oblique at base, sessile, acute. Central leaflet sessile, acute. Upper leaves lobed to simple. Inflorescence - Flowers solitary or few in a loose cymose cluster. Axillary and terminal. Pedicels to 5cm long, sericeous.
Flowers - To 1.5cm broad. Petals 5, white, distinct, glabrous, to 7mm long, +4mm broad, short-clawed. Stamens many, borne at edge of hypanthium, spreading. Filaments to 2.5mm long, glabrous, whitish. Anthers yellow, .5mm in diameter. Carpels many. Styles persistent in fruit, elongating to 7mm and with 2mm deciduous portion in fruit. Sepals lance-ovate, acute to acuminate, to 5mm long, 2.5mm broad at base, pubescent externally(with whitish tomentose margins), glabrous internally, spreading to reflexed. Achenes in globose cluster, pubescent(with distinct long and short hairs), green. Flowering - May - October.
Habitat - Moist wooded areas, wooded slopes, thickets. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a very common woodland plant in Missouri. Although it can be considered weedy, I think the flowers are quite nice. Steyermark lists two varieties for this species. Variety canadense has 30-60 achenes per head, achenes 2.5-3mm long. Upper surface of the cauline leaves mostly glabrous to very sparsely hairy. Variety camporum has 60-150 achenes per flower head, achenes are 3-5mm long at maturity. Upper surface of cauline leaves with many appressed hairs. This latter variety is more common.
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