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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - To 30cm tall, erect, herbaceous, from a weak taproot, multiple from the base, green, purple in strong sun, branching, mostly glabrous but with a few retrorse or spreading hairs near the base, terete or angled. Leaves - Basal leaves few, no rosette present, alternate, petiolate. The largest leaves to +10cm long, 3cm broad, pinnate, with 2-3 pairs of lateral leaflets. Terminal leaflet broader than long on the lowest leaves and becoming more narrow in upper leaves, typically somewhat 3-lobed. All leaflets glabrous, with 3 main veins from the base of the blade (veins visible abaxially). Upper leaves with more lateral leaflets than lower leaves. Leaflets oblanceolate to oblong, entire or with 1-2 lobes, blunt at the tip or with a minute mucro.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, compact in flower, quickly elongating in fruit, to +10cm long. Pedicels to 4mm long in flower, to 6mm long in fruit, ascending, glabrous. Axis of inflorescence glabrous. Flowers - Petals 4, white, glabrous, spreading. Stamens 6, erect. Sepals 4, green, glabrous, with slightly scarious margins, to 1.7mm long, 1mm broad, cupped. Siliques to 2cm long, glabrous, terete, slightly beaked (the beak to 1mm long), many-seeded, elastically dehiscent, 2-valved, erect. Flowering - March - July.
Habitat - Low wet woods, spring branches, base of moist bluffs. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little species can be found mostly in the lower 2/3 of Missouri in the habitats mentioned above. This species nd another, C. parviflora L., can be difficult to distinguish. The two plants grow in different habitats. C. pensylvanica grows in moist to wet soils of low areas and C. parviflora prefers drier soils of upland areas. Both plants can be eaten raw or cooked as greens.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - Glabrous, green or sometimes purplish in strong sun, to +40cm tall, terete, from a taproot, typically multiple from the base, erect, herbaceous, typically simple. Flowering - March - April.
Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, lawns, fields, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe.
Other info. - This introduced species can be found scattered in Missouri and the plant is becoming much more common. Many members of the genus Cardamine can be hard to distinguish in the field. C. hirsuta can be identified by its many basal leaves, glabrous stems, and basal leaf petioles - which have hirsute hairs at the base. The basal leaves of this species dry and wilt as the plant matures so it is best identified while young. C. hirsuta can flower when quite small. The picture below shows a tiny plant typical of how the species looks in an area that gets mowed or has poor soil.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - To +40cm tall, erect, herbaceous, terete, hispidulous (mainly in the basal half), green, purplish at the base, simple to 1-2 branched in the apical half, from a short knotty rhizome.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, becoming sessile above. Basal leaves on petioles to +8cm long. Petioles glabrous to hipidulous, flattened. Blades reniform to broadly ovate, glabrous, with wavy margins, +5cm long and broad. Cauline leaves becoming sessile or short petiolate, few (1-5), ovate to lanceolate, with a few coarse teeth, glabrous, light green below (abaxially), deep dull green above, with sparse ciliolate margins or not. Flowers - Flowers not seen. Siliques to 3cm long, 2cm broad, glabrous, with a beak to 4mm long, 2-valved, with a small constriction between the seeds. Flowering - March - April.
Habitat - Low or swampy woodlands. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This attractive species can be found mainly in the northern half of Missouri in a handful of counties. The plant can be identified by its reniform basal leaf blades, few, sessile or nearly sessile cauline leaves, and big flowers. The flowers are typically purple but the plants photographed in Columbia, MO., had white flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - Erect, herbaceous, from a knobby caudex and fibrous roots, glabrous to sparse hispidulous, green apically, purplish near the base, branching above or simple, to +40cm tall.
Leaves - Alternate. Basal leaves petiolate, typically purplish abaxially. Petioles to +7cm long. Blades ovate, glabrous, with undulate margins, tapering at the base or truncate, to 5cm long, 2.5-3cm broad. Cauline leaves becoming sessile or short petiolate, with a few coarse teeth or entire, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate. Flowers - Petals 4, tapering to the base, to +1.2cm long, 4-5mm broad, white, glabrous, rounded at the apex. Stamens 6, erect. Filaments white, 5-6mm long. Anthers 1.3mm long, pale yellow. Ovary terete, 5mm long, glabrous, yellow-green. Style 1.2mm long. Stigma capitate. Sepals 4, to 4mm long, 1.5mm broad, green, glabrous, with slightly involute margins, oblong-lanceolate, with scarious margins, erect. Flowering - March - June.
Habitat - Low wet woods, spring branches, wet meadows, pond margins, moist ledges of bluffs. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found basically in the southeastern 1/2 of Missouri. The plant likes to be in or near water and is easily identified by its rather large white flowers. Traditionally the leaves of this species were eaten in salads and add a sharp peppery taste, much like fresh cabbage.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - To +50cm tall but typically less, herbaceous, erect, stellate pubescent, simple or branching, with a fairly large taproot. Leaves - Basal leaves pinnatifid, petiolate, to 10cm long, stellate pubescent. Lobes bristle-margined, minutely toothed. Cauline leaves auriculate-clasping, linear-lanceolate, minutely toothed to entire, stellate pubescent, reduced upward. Auricles pointed. Inflorescence - A terminal raceme to +25cm long(tall). Pedicels spreading, 1-2cm long.Flowers - Corolla 3-4mm broad. Petals 4, white, +/-2mm long, free. Stamens 6, attached at base of ovary. Style 1, very short. Sepals 4, free, green, glabrous, 2mm long, oblong. Fruit - Obcordate (or triangular) silicle to +3mm long, notched or truncate at apex.Flowering - March - November. Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed sites, fields, pastures, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This plant is one of the most common introduced members of the cabbage family anywhere. The triangular seeds are easily recognized and edible. This is one of the earliest flowering plants in the state. It can be found throughout Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Liliaceae Stems - Bulb. Scape to +50cm tall, 3-4mm in diameter, glabrous, single.
Leaves - Basal, linear, +/-1cm broad, +30cm long, glabrous, entire, dull green above, shiny deep green below. Inflorescence - Indeterminate raceme terminating scape, 15-16cm long (tall), with +/-40 flowers. Flower pedicels subtended by thin bract to +1cm long. Flowers - Perianth to 2cm broad, rotate, nectariferous. Pedicels to 1cm long, elongating in fruit, glabrous. Tepals to 1cm long, 3-5mm broad, linear-oblong, white with lilac tinge, glabrous. Stamens 6, borne at base of tepals. Filaments 6mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, 3mm long, 1.2mm broad. Ovary superior, glabrous, 3mm long, ovoid, with 3 locules, many seeded, placentation axile. Style 3mm long, glabrous, white. Stigma 3-lobed. Flowering - April - May. Habitat - Open woods, stream banks, glades, prairies, fields, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a very abundant plant throughout most of the state. It doesn't bloom for very long though so see it while you can. The perianth is variable in color and I could have placed the plant in the blue flowers section of this site also. I think the perianth is normally more whitish than blue.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +/-80cm tall, glabrous, purplish below, with purple vertical striations, herbaceous, from short caudex with thickened roots, simple, erect.
Leaves - Alternate, glabrous. Basal leaves petiolate. Petioles to 10cm long, slightly winged. Blade tapering at base and winging petiole, ovate, typically entire or shallow toothed, to 15cm long, 7-8cm broad, thickened to semisucculent, with main veins parallel. Cauline leaves strongly reduced, shallow toothed to entire, ovate to ovate-lanceolate. Inflorescence - Corymbose cyme with many flower heads. Main branches of inflorescence and peduncles whitish, glabrous. Leaves reduced to bracts in inflorescence. Involucre - To 1cm tall(long), 6mm in diameter. Phyllaries keeled and united, whitish, glabrous. Flower head with typically 5 flowers. Ray flowers - Absent. Disk flowers - Corolla 5-lobed, whitish. Corolla tube 8-9mm long, glabrous. Lobes to 3mm long, often recurved or curling. Stamens 5, exserted. Anthers orange to brown, 2.7mm long, connate around style. Style glabrous, bifurcate. Achenes green(in flower), terete, 2mm long in flower, 5mm long in fruit, with 10 ridges(nerves). Pappus of many capillary bristles to 8mm long.
Flowering - May - August. Habitat - Prairies, wet meadows, glades, rocky open woods, thickets, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - It's hard to miss this plant as you peer out across a mature prairie. The white flowers and white branches of the inflorescence are sure to catch your eye. The plant is very easy to identify in the field. If you wish to replant a real prairie habitat, you must include this plant. A common synonym is Cacalia plantaginea (Raf.) Shinners.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - Single or multiple from base, erect, herbaceous but stout, mostly simple, to 1.5m tall, hollow, angled, ribbed, with vertical striations, glabrous, reddish-purple at the base.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles longest at the base of the plant, reduced upward, to +/-18cm long, glabrous, with a shallow adaxial groove. Groove reddish on the margins. Blades typically reniform in the lower 2/3 of the plant, becoming truncate at the base in the apical 1/3 of the plant, to +/-20cm broad, +/-15cm long, coarse and irregular dentate, green above, silvery-green below, with impressed veins above, expressed veins below, pubescent with multicellular trichomes (more so below), with a rubbery texture. Inflorescence - Terminal corymbiform arrangement of flower heads. Peduncles whitened, glabrous. Each division of the inflorescence subtended by a minute bract. Bracts subulate, white, 1-5mm long. Involucre -Cylindric, whitened, to 1cm tall, glabrous. Phyllaries 5, united, with a rounded keel that gives the involucre a carinate look, glabrous. Ray flowers - Absent. Disk flowers - Flowers typically 5 per flower head. Apices of flowers exceeding the involucre, otherwise enclosed in it. Corolla tube glabrous, greenish, 7mm long, 5-lobed, expanded at the apex into a short campanulate tube. The tube to 1mm long. Lobes white, glabrous, curled, to 3mm long (uncurled), -1mm broad, acute. Stamens 5, adnate at the base of the campanulate portion of the corolla tube. Filaments filiform, yellowish-tan, glabrous. Anthers tan-brown, +2mm long, connate around the style, exserted. Style exserted beyond the anthers, glabrous, white, bifurcate. The free ends of the style recurved all the way back to the main body of the style. Pappus of white capillary bristles to 7mm long. Achene green and glabrous in flower, cylindric, to 3mm long. Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Rich woods, north or east-facing slopes, ravines, bluffs along streams. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This striking species can be found in the mainly in the eastern half of the state with the exception of a few extreme southwestern counties. The plant is very easy to ID in the field because of its distinct basal leaves. The plant is most often seen as just basals because it takes about 2-3 years to bloom for the first time. It grows well from seed and would make a fine plant in cultivation.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - Multiple from the base, erect to ascending, herbaceous, mostly unbranched (except at apex), to 1m tall, scabrous from dense forked and stellate pubescence. Leaves - Alternate, sessile. Blades linear-elliptic, entire, 5-8cm long, +/-1cm broad, rounded to subacute at apex, stellate pubescent above and below, reduced upward on stem.
Inflorescence - Terminal and lateral racemes to +/-25cm long. Racemes dense in flower, quickly elongating in fruit. Pedicels ascending, to 7-8mm long, stellate and forked pubescent. Flowers - Petals 4, 5-7mm long, deeply notched at apex, tapering at base, glabrous. Lobes rounded to acute at apex. Stamens 6, erect, glabrous, white, 3-4mm long. Anthers yellow, to 1mm long. Ovary superior, green, densely stellate pubescent, 1mm long in flower. Style green, to 2mm long, sparse stellate pubescent, persistent in fruit. Sepals 4, erect, densely stellate pubescent externally, glabrous internally, 3-4mm long, to 1mm broad, with scarious margins, elliptic, acute. Silicle 6-7mm long, elliptic-ovate to orbicular, stellate pubescent, beaked, with 6-10 seeds. Beak to 2mm long. Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Roadsides, railroads, waste ground. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This striking species is rare in Missouri but is becoming more common. The plant is very common in more northern states and is spreading throughout much of eastern North America. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its deeply divided white petals and gray stellate pubescence.
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