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花园 (6)
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To 1.5m tall, glabrous to sparsely strigose and scabrous, herbaceous, branching, erect, with milky sap, from a massive taproot. Leaves - Alternate. Basal leaves lyrate pinnatifid, resembling those of the genus Taraxacum, to +30cm long, +6cm wide, toothed, pubescent above and below, hirsute on midrib below. Cauline leaves lanceolate to linear, clasping, entire, much reduced. Inflorescence - Typically 1-3 axillary flowers in upper portion of stems. Some flowers terminal. Lower flowers with reduced leaf(bract) subtending. Upper flowers with no bract or bract reduced and scalelike.
Involucre - Outer phyllaries 5-6mm long, acute, glabrous, +/-2mm broad, bulbous at base, green. Inner phyllaries to 1.1cm long, 2mm broad, linear, acute, typically with scarious margins and lacerate at apex, green. Ray flowers - Ligule white, 5-toothed at apex, to -2cm long, 5-6mm broad, pubescent externally. Flowers fertile. Anthers pale-yellow to white, 4mm long, connate around style. Style white, bifurcate. Stigmas white. Achenes -2mm long in flower. Pappus of short scales. Receptacle flat. Disc flowers - Absent.
Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Roadsides, railroads, disturbed sites, waste ground. Also cultivated. Origin - Native to Eurasia.
Other info. - Chicory is an extremely common roadside weed. At the zoo we feed the plant to many of the animals as a treat. The flowers and leaves go great in salads. The root is used as a flavoring in coffee. During the hot summer months the flowers only stay open a short time in the morning. As the days cool the flowers stay open nearly all day. The typical flower color is blue. These blue-flowered plants are form intybus. You can see this form in the "Blue Flowers Alternate" section of this website.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - Glabrous, to 90cm tall, typically simple, carinate, erect.
Leaves - Alternate, dentate, glabrous, linear to linear-lanceolate. Cauline leaves clasping, basal leaves petiolate. Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating stem. Involucre - Phyllaries lanceolate, imbricate, glabrous, with scarious brownish margins near apex, to +3mm long, -2mm broad at base. Ray flowers - Ligule white, 2-3 notched at apex, +/- 4cm long, +/-1cm broad. Disk flowers - Disk 1.5-2.5cm broad. Corolla yellow, 5-lobed, fertile.
Flowering - June - August. Habitat - Cultivated. Origin - Europe and Asia.
Other info. - This is the plant commonly called the "Shasta Daisy". It is frequently cultivated but probably not escaped, yet. The plant is not naturally occurring and was developed in cultivation.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +1m tall, herbaceous, multiple from base, from rhizomes and fibrous roots, simple or branched above, glabrous, angled.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile above, petiolate below, clasping or not, irregular serrate to lobed near base, glabrous, to +10cm long, +2cm broad. Some leaves with lobes extending almost to midrib. Lower leaves spatulate. Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating stem. Involucre - To 2cm broad, 4-5mm tall. Phyllaries imbricate, glabrous, lanceolate, with scarious margins, green with brown near margins. Ray flowers - Sterile. Ligules white, toothed at apex, to +2cm long, 5mm broad. Achenes glabrous. Pappus absent. Disk flowers - Disk to +2cm broad. Corolla 5-lobed, yellow. Tube to 3mm long. Achenes brown, 10-nerved (ribbed), glabrous, 2.1mm long. Pappus absent. Receptacle convex. Flowering - May - August.
Habitat - Fields, pastures, waste places, roadsides, railroads, prairies, slopes, disturbed sites. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This extremely common plant can be seen growing along roadsides and in waste places throughout Missouri in the early summer. It is simple to identify as nothing else in our wild flora gets such a large white flower head.
According to Steyermark there are two varieties in Missouri. Variety leucanthemum has middle and upper cauline leaves with teeth at base that are larger than the other teeth on leaf. Also, the basal leaves are regularly toothed. Variety pinnatifidum has middle and upper cauline leaves with conspicuous lobes extending nearly to midrib(pinnatifid). The basal leaves are also pinnatifid to irregularly toothed. A synonym for the species is Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Apiaceae Stems - From a taproot, erect, single or multiple from the base, to +50cm tall, herbaceous, striate (green and reddish), with a slight carrot fragrance, terete, hispid-hirsute, simple to branching.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, bipinnately divided, hispid-hirsute. Petioles sheathing at the base, to 15cm long, with a shallow adaxial groove, hispid-hirsute. Blades to 7-8cm long, 5-6cm broad, ovate in outline. Divisions pinnatifid. Ultimate divisions 2-3mm long, 1-2mm broad, acute, elliptic-oblong, often with a reddish margin and a minute orange spot near the tip (use a lens to see). Inflorescence - Axillary, loose, compound umbels of a few flowers. Rays +/-3 per umbel, angled, to +3cm long, sparse pubescent. Involucre of umbellet of +/-5 bracts. Bracts ovate to oblong, green, ciliate-margined (but otherwise glabrous), accrescent, to +2mm broad, +3mm long. Flowers +/-5 per umbellet, subsessile but pedicels expanding in fruit to +4mm long. Pedicels broadening at the apex, not a uniform width throughout their length. Flowers - Petals 5, white, glabrous, orbicular, acute at the apex, spreading, to 1mm in diameter. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals. Filaments white, glabrous, .8mm long. Anthers globose, yellow, .3mm long. Styles 2, expanded at the base to conic stylopodia, .6mm long. Stigma translucent. Ovary inferior. Calyx tube green, glabrous, 1.5-2mm long in flower, accrescent, quickly expanding in fruit. Calyx lobes wanting. Fruits glabrous (or rarely with small hairs), to +5mm long, ribbed.
Flowering - March - May. Habitat - Rocky open glades, fallow fields, waste ground, roadsides.
Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little species can be found in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is weedy in habit and is often overlooked because of this. It can be differentiated from the similar C. procumbens (L.) Crantz by its pedicels, which get wider toward the apex. The pedicels of C. procumbens have the same width throughout their length. Steyermark breaks C. tainturieri into three varieties based on fruit characteristics. I will not go into those here.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Apiaceae Stems - From a taproot, multiple from the base, ascending to erect, branching, herbaceous, angled, typically with retrorse pubescence on angles, slightly fragrant with a scent like parsley, to +/-30cm tall. Leaves - Alternate, typically sessile or with a short flattened sheathing petiole, pinnately divided, to +/-6cm long, +/-5cm broad. Rachis and petiolules with and adaxial groove and very sparse pubescent. Leaflets deeply lobed to pinnatifid. Ultimate divisions oblong-elliptic, entire, rounded to subacute at apex. Margins sparse strigillose. Leaves green above and light green below.
Inflorescence - Axillary compound umbels. Peduncle to 6cm long, sparsely to moderately hispidulous. Rays typically 3 per inflorescence. Umbellets subtended by 4-5 ovate to rotund bractlets. Bractlets with ciliate margins, to -2mm long, spreading to erect in fruit. Pedicels, (raylets), 2-3mm long in flower, 5-6mm long in fruit, glabrous, with the same diameter throughout.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, glabrous, -1mm long, .6mm broad, elliptic, acute, spreading, with single visible midvein. Stamens 5, spreading, alternating with the petals. Filaments glabrous, white, .6mm long. Anthers brownish-yellow, .1mm long. Styles very short, expanded at base into thick stylopodia. Ovary glabrous, green, inferior, 1 - 1.1mm long in flower, 2-carpellate. Sepals minute to absent. Fruits to 7mm long, green, glabrous, elliptic-oblong, with one seed per carpel.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Rich open woods, alluvial soils, thickets, glades, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little species is easy to overlook because of its small, indistinct flowers and relatively "common" appearance. The plant is common throughout Missouri and is attractive if grown in large quantity. Some species of butterfly larvae will eat the foliage of this species. This species can be distinguished from the similar C. tainturieri Hook. by its pedicels, which are the same width throughout their lengths. The pedicels of C. taintureri expand toward the apex.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Rosaceae Stems - Woody, multiple from base, suckering, erect to reclining or clambering, to +2m tall, glabrous, terete, often terminating with a thick thorn.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile to short petiolate, stipulate. Stipules large, foliaceous. Petioles to 5mm long. Blade obovate to elliptic-ovate or oblong, tapering to base, shiny green above, dull grey-green below, obtuse to acute, crenulate, to +/-7cm long, +/-4cm broad. Inflorescence - Flowers appearing just before or with new seasons leaves. Flowers axillary on previous seasons buds.
Flowers - Corolla rotate, 3.5-4cm broad. Petals 5, free, clawed, glabrous, suborbicular, to 1.6cm in diameter, white. Stamens +40, in few whorls. Filaments glabrous, +1cm long. Anthers 1-2mm long, yellow. Styles 5, slightly thickened below stigmas. Ovary inferior, 5-locular. Placentation axile. Hypanthium campanulate, constricted at base, -8mm in diameter, 7mm long(tall), green, glabrous. Sepals 5, alternating with petals, 5-6mm long, 4-5mm broad, obtuse at apex. Pome ellipsoid to ovoid or pyriform, to +6cm long, greenish-purple, bitter in flavor. Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Cultivated. Origin - Native to Asia. Other info. - This is a very popular plant in cultivation in Missouri and elsewhere. The common name is "Flowering Quince" but true Quince is a different plant, Cydonia oblonga Miller. (Rosaceae). The fruit of C. lagenaria is edible but it is very bitter. The fruit gets more medicinal use than culinary use as it is believed to cure many ailments. This cultivar has white flowers but the typical flower color of the species is pink to red. You can see a typical plant in the "Red Flowers Alternate" section of this website. A synonym for the species is C. speciosa (Sweet) Nakai
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Rhamnaceae Stems - Woody, multiple from base, to 1m tall, branching, ferruginous, sparse pubescent, rugose. New growth sericeous, green.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules 4.5mm long, 1mm broad, pubescent, attenuate. Petioles to 7mm long, pubescent. Blades to 6cm long, -3cm broad, oblong-elliptic to lance-oblong, crenate-serrate, blunt to acute, densely pubescent(villous) and dull below, deep green and pubescent above, rounded to cuneate at base. Inflorescence - Terminal panicles from new growth. Peduncles shorter then subtending leaf, to 2cm long, lanate. Pedicels white, to 1.4cm long, .6mm in diameter, expanding just below hypanthium.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, long clawed, spreading, glabrous, to 2.5mm long. Limb to 1.2mm broad, cupped. Stamens 5, opposite petals, erect. Filaments to 2mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers .2mm long, yellow. Style 3-lobed, 2mm long, glabrous, white. Ovary 3-locular, green, surrounded by peringynous disk. Calyx lobes 5, in-curved, white, glabrous, to 1.6mm long. Hypanthium white, 1mm long, persistent. Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Upland and rocky prairies, loess hills, glades, rocky woods. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - Steyermark lists two varieties for this species in the state. The plant described above is var. pubescens T.&G. ex Wats. A synonym for this variety is C. herbaceous var. pubescens (T.&G.) Shinners. This is the most common variation found in the state. The other variety, var. ovatus, has leaves which are glabrous to only sparse pubescent below. This species is scattered throughout portions of the state but is most frequent in the western half of the state. Another species, C. americanus L., resembles this species but the former has more ovate leaves, more cylindric inflorescences, and longer peduncles. C. americanus is listed in this same section of this website. Both species are brewed as tea for medicinal uses.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Rhamnaceae Stems - To +75cm tall, multiple from base, branching, woody, erect, dense pubescent with a mix of longer and shorter hairs above, puberulent to glabrous below. Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petiole to 6mm long, dense pubescent. Blade ovate to oblong-ovate, crenate-serrate, acute, rugose above, soft pubescent, (more so below), to +6cm long, +4cm broad.
Inflorescence - Axillary panicles on long peduncles. Peduncles to 6cm long, dense pubescent, longer than subtending leaf. Panicle to 4cm long(tall), subcylindric. Pedicels white, glabrous, expanded at apex below calyx, to 6mm long. Flowers - Petals 5, white, spreading, clawed. Claw to 1mm long. Limb cupped or folded, tuberculate externally, .8mm long. Stamens 5, opposite the petals, erect. Filaments to 1mm long, whitish with a purple tinge, glabrous. Anthers purplish. Style .2mm long, 3-lobed. Ovary surrounded by a purple nectary ring, 3-locular. Hypanthium 1mm long, white, persistent in fruit. Calyx lobes inflexed, acute, ciliate margined, 1mm long, deciduous. Fruit a 3-lobed capsule, deep purple to black, 4-5mm broad. Seeds 1 per carpel.
Flowering - May - November. Habitat - Prairies, glades, open woods, thickets, railroads.
Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a common and easy to identify plant in Missouri. The showy flower heads are easy to spot from a distance and the fruits are unmistakable. Steyermark gives two varieties for the state. Variety pitcheri T.&G. is described above. A rare variety, var. intermedius (Pursh) K. Koch, has smaller leaves which are glabrous above and only slightly pubescent below. This latter variety is only found in a couple of counties in the eastern portion of the state. Another species, C. ovatus Desf., resembles C. americanus, but the former has peduncles which typically do not exceed the subtending leaf, leaves which are oblong-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, and flower clusters which are more globose in shape. You can find C. ovatus in this same section of this website. The fruit picture above is actually of C. ovatus but they (the fruits) are practically identical. C. americanus is a popular medicinal plant. The roots and leaves were boiled into tea and used for treating everything from snake bites to whooping cough. The roots contain alkaloids which lower blood pressure.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月14日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - To +40cm tall, erect, herbaceous, typically multiple from base, from thick taproot, typically simple but branching in inflorescence, densely retrorse puberulent below, sparse puberulent above, ribbed from decurrent leaf tissue.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, oblong to lanceolate or ovate, to +6.5cm long, 3cm broad, reduced above, dentate to serrate, slightly undulate, clasping, auriculate, acute, densely pubescent. Auricles rounded or pointed, +/-7mm long. Inflorescence - Multiple terminal racemes in a terminal corymbose arrangement. Pedicels filiform, expanding in fruit to +/-1.5cm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Petals 4, white, free, clawed, glabrous, typically spreading, to +/-3mm long. Limb rotund to broadly obovate, +1.5m in diameter. Stamens 6, erect to spreading. Filaments +/-3mm long, white, glabrous. Anthers yellow-orange, .5mm long. Nectaries present at base of stamens and surrounding ovary. Style 1mm long, yellowish-green. Stigma capitate, globose. Ovary superior, compressed, ovoid, yellowish-green, glabrous, 1.8mm long in flower. Sepals 4, free, whitish-green with broad scarious margins, to 2mm long, 2mm broad at apex, obovate to spatulate. Silicles to 3mm long, +3mm broad, cordate. Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Waste ground, slopes, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - Still another introduced member of the Brassicaceae. This species is becoming common in Missouri but is not found throughout the state yet. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of its clasping dentate leaves and crowded, mostly flat-topped, inflorescences. Large colonies of this species can occur when the plants are left undisturbed.
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