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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - To +/-60cm tall, erect, herbaceous, glabrous or hairy, from a taproot, typically single from the base, typically simple except in the inflorescence, terete, green but becoming purple in strong sun.
Leaves - Basal leaves in a dense rosette, lowest of the rosette leaves spatulate, petiolate (blade tissue decurrent on the petiole), with toothed (dentate-serrate) margins, glabrous. Other leaves of the rosette lyrate-pinnatifid, petiolate, glabrous. Petioles typically purplish. Leaves of the rosette to +/-8cm long. Cauline leaves sessile, partially clasping, auriculate. Auricles pointed, +/-2mm long. Leaves coarse serrate, glabrous, linear-oblong, acute, green, with a single midrib, +/-4cm long, 7-8mm broad. All cauline leaves sub-equal in size. Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes to +/-15cm long (tall). Axis glabrous. Pedicels 3-9mm long in flower, elongating slightly in fruit to 1.5cm long, expanded at the apex, glabrous, terete. Flowers - Petals 4, white, erect to slightly spreading, to 9mm long, 2mm broad, glabrous, tapering to the base, truncate at the apex, distinct. Stamens 6, 4 larger and 2 smaller, erect, distinct. Filaments to 5mm long, white, glabrous, terete. Anthers yellow, to 1.5mm long, sagittate. Ovary green, cylindric, 5mm long, .7mm in diameter, glabrous, terete. Style wanting. Stigma small. Sepals 4, erect, green, glabrous, slightly more pale at the base, lanceolate, acute, entire, 5-6mm long, 2mm broad, slightly cupped at the apex, with very thin or no scarious margins, distinct. Fruits terete to slightly compressed, many seeded, glabrous, falcate.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Acid soils of rocky wooded slopes, ridges, sand hills. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found mainly in the most southern counties of Missouri but can also be found in the counties of the eastern Ozark region. The plant can be glabrous (typically) or hairy and is identified by its somewhat clasping leaves, toothed leaf margins, and lyrate-pinnatifid basal rosette leaves. The white petals of the flowers are also larger than other species of Arabis in Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - To +50cm tall, erect, glabrous, glaucous, branching or simple, herbaceous, from a branched taproot, slightly angled from decurrent leaf midrib.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, clasping, auriculate. Basal rosette of serrate to crenate leaves. Leaves purplish, (especially below), often pubescent. Cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, +/-10cm long, +/-1cm broad, glabrous, glaucous, acute, entire to shallow serrate and often undulate near the base. Auricles rounded to subacute, completely surrounding the stem on larger leaves. Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes, loose in flower, elongating in fruit. Pedicels glabrous, to -5mm in flower, elongating in fruit to -2cm, erect to spreading. Flowers - Petals 4, white, glabrous, tapering to the base, blunt to truncate or wavy at the apex, to +/-5mm long, slightly exceeding or equaling the sepals. Stamens 6, 4 alike and 2 slightly smaller. Filaments to 5mm long, white, glabrous, erect. Anthers yellow, 1.2mm long. Ovary cylindric, green, glabrous, 3.4mm long, .5mm in diameter, 2-valved. Style very short, .1-.2mm long. Stigma capitate. Sepals 4, light green, glabrous, 4-5mm long, 1-1.3mm broad, rounded at apex, slightly cupped, erect. Siliques long, arcuate, terete, thin, with a minute beak, glabrous, to +/-7cm long, 2mm in diameter. Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Rocky woods and bluffs, low woods along streams. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This indistinct plant is found mostly in the lower 1/2 of Missouri. The fruits of this species are long, thin, and curved and can help when trying to identify this species from others in the genus. Another species, A. missouriensis, is similar does not have glaucous stems.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - To +50cm tall, herbaceous, from large taproot, simple to few-branched above, sparse hirsute to glabrous, erect.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile. Lower leaves oblanceolate to spatulate, to 10cm long, -3cm broad, with irregular shallow blunt teeth, obtuse to subacute. Upper leaves smaller than lower, lanceolate to lance-elliptic, acute, with few coarse irregular teeth, tapering to base. All leaves sparse hirsute, with ciliolate margins. Inflorescence - Terminal raceme elongating in flower to +30cm long. Pedicels to 8mm long, hirsute(sparse), at right angles to axis at anthesis but quickly drooping. Flowers - Petals 4, free, 3.6mm long, 1mm broad, white, glabrous, slightly exceeding sepals, linear. Stamens 6, not exceeding petals. Filaments white, 2.1mm long, glabrous. Anthers pale yellow. Ovary green, 2mm long, terete, glabrous. Sepals 4, distinct, green, 3mm long, 1.2mm broad, erect, hirsutulous. Siliques to 10cm long, +2mm broad, slightly compressed or flattened, curved(sub-falcate), distinctly nodding at maturity. Flowering - April - June.
Habitat - Open woods, dry slopes, open ground, rocky ledges. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a tall, non-showy plant in flower, but is interesting in fruit. The long curved siliques hang down on the stem and are sure to catch the eye. The plant is actually native to this continent which is good considering all the other introduced members of this family growing in Missouri.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - To +35cm tall, freely branching, single or multiple from the base, hirsute basally, becoming glabrous apically, glaucous, from a taproot, green and often with some purple at the nodes. Leaves - Alternate. Basal leaves in a rosette, spatulate, petiolate, entire or shallowly dentate, to +/-7cm long, 2cm broad, with forked trichomes above and below, rounded at the apex. Cauline leaves alternate, sessile, to 2.5cm long, 7-8mm broad, entire, ciliate-margined and with some forked trichomes above and below, oblong, rounded at the apex, few (2-6 per stem).
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary racemes, compact in flower, elongated in fruit to +15cm long. Pedicels to 1cm long in fruit, filiform, glabrous and glaucous. Flowers - Petals 4, white, glabrous, spatulate, to 4mm long, 1.2mm broad, rounded at the apex. Stamens 6, erect. Filaments white, glabrous, 2.5mm long. Anthers yellow, .3mm long. Ovary cylindric, green, glabrous, superior, 2mm long in fruit. Style wanting. Sepals 4, green, glabrous internally, with a few cilia externally, 1.5mm long, .8mm broad, green, cupped, subulate, with margins slightly scarious near the apex. Siliques to +/-1.5cm long, .8mm in diameter, mostly terete, glabrous, many-seeded, beaked. Beak to .5mm long.
Flowering - April - May. Habitat - Open sandy ground, rocky open ground, fallow fields, pastures, waste ground, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This small species can be found mostly in the southern half of Missouri. The plant is fairly indistinct but can be identified by its thin siliques, small white flowers, basal rosette, and hairy (near the base) stems. A. thaliana is used widely in experiments on plants because it short-lived and grows very quickly.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - Herbaceous, erect to ascending, from fibrous roots, multiple from the base, branching, arachnoid pubescent (less so near base), carinate at apex, green to red in strong sun.
Leaves - Alternate, pinnately divided. Divisions of leaf pinnatifid. Ultimate leaf divisions acute, minutely mucronate. Leaves to 5cm long, 2cm broad, sparse pubescent and punctate (use lens) adaxially, arachnoid pubescent below. Petiole with fimbriate divisions. Inflorescence - Single pedunculate flower clusters terminating stems. Involucre - 1.2cm in diameter, 4-5mm tall. Phyllaries in one or two series, slightly imbricated, to 5mm long, 2mm broad, scarious, with a green midvein, arachnoid pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Ray flowers - Pistillate, fertile, +/-15 per head. Ligule white, -1.5cm long, 5-6mm broad, glabrous, 2-3-notched at apex, oblong. Corolla tube to 2mm long, greenish. Style bifurcate, exserted. Achene 1.5mm long in flower, light green, glabrous, truncate at base. Pappus none. Disk flowers - Disk to 1.2cm broad, becoming globose with age. Corolla -3mm long, translucent at base, becoming yellow at apex, 5-lobed, expanded in apical 1/2. Lobes acute, to .6mm long, recurved. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube constriction. Filaments very short. Anthers yellow, included, 1.1mm long, connate around style. Style barely exserted beyond anthers, translucent-yellow. Stigmatic portion of style .5mm long. Achene translucent in flower, 1.3mm long, glabrous. Pappus none. Receptacle conic. Chaff thin, translucent, 3mm long, .4mm broad, slightly folded, glabrous, acuminate, linear. Flowering - May - September.
Habitat - Fields, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout Missouri but is uncommon. It can be identified by its divided leaves and Chrysanthemum-like flower heads. The plant is sometimes cultivated. The flowers which occur on the plant in later months are much smaller than those of the early season.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +20cm tall, herbaceous, stoloniferous, with fibrous roots, dense lanate, simple, erect. Leaves - Basal leaves petiolate. Petioles to 3-4cm long. Blade to +4cm long, +2cm broad, tapering at base, entire, broadly elliptic, dense white lanate below, sparse lanate above and greenish, with 3 main veins(visible below). Cauline leaves sessile, linear to linear lanceolate, lanate below, very sparse lanate above, to 2cm long, 5mm broad, entire.
Inflorescence - Flower heads in compact clusters terminating stems. Plants dioecious. Involucre - To 5mm tall(long), 3-5mm in diameter, densely arachnoid pubescent. Phyllaries to 5mm long, 1.2mm broad, green with scarious margins and long scarious apex, glabrous internally, in 1-2 series, imbricate. Staminate involucre slightly more broad and short than pistillate.
Ray flowers - Absent. Disk flowers - Pistillate flowers - Corolla tube greenish, glabrous, 4.5mm long. Style bifurcate, exserted, purplish at apex. Achenes cylindric, glandular pubescent, 1.6mm long in flower. Pappus a single series of barbellate bristles. Bristles white, to 5-6mm long. Receptacle conic, naked. Staminate flowers, (shown at top of page), - Corolla tube greenish, glabrous, 2.5mm long, expanded at apex for -2mm, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, .6mm long, often recurved. Stamens 5, adnate at base of corolla tube. Anthers exserted, brownish-purple, -2mm long, connate around rudimentary style. The style slightly exserted beyond the anthers. Pappus of barbellate bristles in a single series, to 4mm long. Achenes reduced. Receptacle conic, naked. Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Acid soils of dry rocky ground, ravines, thickets, roadsides, ridges, prairies, glades. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a common little plant in Missouri and is easy to ID in the field. The species name means "leaves of Plantain" and indeed the basal leaves do look like those of the genus Plantago. Even though the plants are dioecious, the pistillate plants can still produce viable seed without fertilization from the staminate plants.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Ranunculaceae Stems - From a stout but small caudex and slightly thickened roots, to +60cm tall, erect, purplish near the base, herbaceous, pilose at base (hairs becoming dense and antrorse appressed on peduncles), single from the base. Leaves - Basal leaves long-petiolate, trifoliolate. Petioles often purplish, to 20cm long, pilose to hirsute, with a shallow & thin adaxial groove. Leaflets serrate, pubescent above and below. The lateral leaflets sessile, the terminal leaflets sessile or stalked. Terminal leaflet cuneate at the base, often 3-lobed. Lateral lobes of terminal leaflet often lobed or divided again. All leaflets to +/-5cm long. Involucral leaves petiolate, trifoliolate, much resembling the basal leaves but with a much shorter petiole. Petioles of these leaves with a more distinct adaxial groove.
Inflorescence - Single flower terminating a long peduncle. Often 2-3 or more flowers per plant. Peduncles to +30cm long, sericeous. Flowers - Petals absent. Sepals petaloid, greenish-white, 5, sericeous abaxially, glabrous adaxially, +1cm long, +5mm broad, acute, with expanded margins near the apex. Margins often involute. Stamens many (+/-100). Filaments glabrous, greenish-white, of varying lengths but the longest to 6mm. Anthers yellow to greenish, 1.5mm long. Carpels many. The ovary ovoid. Receptacle clavate. Individual carpels green, pubescent at the base. Fruit long, cylindric, to 3cm long, +/-1cm in diameter. Achenes green, slightly pubescent in the apical 1/2, densely lanate in basal 1/2.
Flowering - April - August. Habitat - Rocky and dry open woods and prairies. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is very easy to ID when in flower or fruit because both are distinctive. Steyermark breaks this species down into three forms, I won't go into those here as they are no longer valid. Medicinally, this species is an expectorant, an emetic, and an astringent. Natives used the caudex in many forms to cure many ailments. Smoke from roasting seeds was used to revive the unconscious by being blown into the nostrils of the patient.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Ranunculaceae Stems - To +30cm tall, from rhizomes, herbaceous, erect, terete, sparse sericeous, simple.
Leaves - Basal leaves palmately divided into 3-5 lobes. Lobes divided again, toothed near apex, typically entire in lower half, sericeous below, less so above, +/-12cm broad and long. Petioles to +/-15cm long, sericeous. Cauline leaves(involucre bracts) sessile, 3-lobed, 8-9cm broad and long, sericeous. Lobes again divided, toothed near apex, entire in lower half. Inflorescence - Single flowers or loose cymes terminating stems. Pedicels to +8cm long, sericeous, 1.5mm in diameter. Flowers - To -5cm broad. Petaloid sepals 5, white, glabrous, obovate to elliptic, equal or subequal, obtuse or emarginate at apex, to +2cm long, +1.5cm broad. Stamens many(+100), borne beneath pistils. Filaments glabrous. Anthers yellow, to +1mm long.
Flowering - May - July. Habitat - Low moist ground, flood plains, low woods. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - The big white flowers and palmate leaves of this plant are unmistakable. The plant is common and can be found in large colonies. Because it favors locations near water, you may encounter other interesting species when hunting the plant. One such species is Nerodia sipedon sipedon. This specimen was basking itself on a warm gravel road after a cool night:
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae

Flowering - July - September. Habitat - Cultivated. Origin - Native to U.S. but probably not Missouri. Other info. - This showy species can be found growing wild in many parts of North America. The one or two collections from Missouri were probably just remnant plants from cultivated areas. It has not been collected since 1959 in this state. This is an easy species to identify as the papery-white involucre bracts make it distinct from other plants. A margaritacea is a popular cultivated plant and does well in dried flower arrangements. It was also used medicinally by natives to treat a variety of ailments. A tea of the plant was used to treat colds, coughs, and infections. The leaves were also smoked for throat and lung troubles.
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