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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Vitaceae Stems - Climbing, with tight, non shredding bark. Pith continuous through nodes. Tendrils present opposite some, but not all, leaves. Leaves - Alternate, toothed, un-lobed or with two to four small lobes, glabrous, petiolate, truncate to cordate.
Inflorescence - Noticeably broader than long, horizontally branching. Flowers - Creamy white. Petals separate, small, 2-3mm in length. Fruits globose, 5-7mm in diameter, bluish when mature, glabrous.
Flowering - May - July. Fruits ripening September - November. Habitat - Wet areas, disturbed sites, low woods, thickets, railroads near woods. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - THis is a common Missouri species. I have encountered areas where this plant is much more abundant than any of its grape relatives, genus Vitis, and has climbed to the very top of some very tall trees (20-30m). This species does produce a grape-like fruit but it is not edible. The easiest way to distinguish between this species and the true grapes is to notice that the flower clusters of this species are compact and broad. Grapes have clusters which are elongated.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Liliaceae Flowering - May - July.
Habitat - Mesic upland forests, lower slopes of ravines, north-facing slopes. Typically on acid substrates. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This striking species can be found mainly in the most southern counties of Missouri but a few disjunct populations are found in counties along the Missouri River.
The plant can be identified by its long, thin basal leaves, and its dense, cylindrical inflorescence of many small, white flowers. The pictures above were taken in a recently burned pine-flatwoods so the basal leaves of the plant were missing. Also, the plant pictured above is shown very early in its flowering stage. The inflorescence gets much longer and more cylindrical with time. The flowers also typically change from white to yellow or even purplish with age. A. muscaetoxicum is a toxic species which contains many alkaloids. Cattle have been killed from eating the plant. An alternate spelling is Amianthium muscitoxicum.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Rosaceae Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Open rocky woods, bluffs, borders of glades, typically in well drained soil.
Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This striking tree can be found throughout Missouri but is apparently absent from the "bootheel" counties and a few counties in the northwest corner of the state. The plant is one of the first woodland understory trees to bloom in the spring and its large masses of white flowers are hard to miss. The smooth gray bark and spreading trunks of the tree make it easy to identify in the field. The plant produces a small berry which is edible. Native Americans used the fruits to make bread. The heartwood of this species is very hard and can be used for tool handles and other turned objects.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Dummer. ゛☀
Stems - Flowering stem to +/-45cm tall, erect, herbaceous, often reddish to maroon, glabrous, leafless. Bulb conic, covered with a fibrous mesh. Roots thickened, fleshy, white, from base of bulb. Leaves - Absent at flowering time. In spring the leaves are green, glabrous, resembling those of a tulip, to +/-30cm long, 5-10cm broad, entire. Inflorescence - Terminal umbel of +/-35 flowers. Pedicels green, glabrous, to 15mm long, slightly longer in fruit, typically reddish at the base. Flowers - Sepals 3, white, glabrous, 6-7mm long, folded, with a minute reddish tip. Petals 3, white, glabrous, oblong, subacute, longer than the sepals, 8-9mm long, 3-4mm broad. Stamens 6, exserted beyond the sepals and petals. Filaments white, widest at the base, tapering to the apex, to 6mm long, glabrous, dorso-ventrally compressed. Anthers yellow, to 2mm long. Ovary superior, 3-lobed, green at the apex, glabrous, 3mm long and broad in flower, 3-locular. Style 1, white, glabrous, exserted from between the lobes of the ovary, 3-4mm long. Stigma wanting. Placentation axile, ovules one per locule.

Flowering - June - July. Habitat - Rich soils, north facing slopes, bluffs. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found scattered throughout Missouri. The plant is easy to ID in the field because of the purplish flowering stalk and terminal umbel of white flowers, which all appear after the basal leaves have wilted. The bulb and young leaves can be eaten raw or cooked.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Brassicaceae Stems - To +1m tall, herbaceous, single or multiple from thick taproot (which very much smells like a radish when crushed or bruised), erect, branching above, pubescent at very base, glabrous and glaucous above.
Leaves - Alternate, glabrous above, sparsely pubescent below. Basal leaves reniform, crenate or sinuate, petiolate, to 10cm broad, 8cm long. Petiole to 15cm long, with single longitudinal groove, groove ciliate on margins. Cauline leaves gradually reduced upwards, cordate to sagittate, sinuate to coarsely toothed. Inflorescence - Terminal raceme, greatly elongating in fruit to +25cm. Flowers - Petals 4, white, glabrous, clawed (the claw to -2mm long), 6-7mm long, 3mm broad at apex. Stamens 6. Filaments to 3mm long, glabrous, white. Anthers yellow, -1mm long. Ovary green, 4-angled, 3mm long, glabrous. Style very short (-.5mm long). Sepals 4, whitish with light green tips, 3-4mm long, 1-2mm broad, linear to subulate. Pedicels to 4mm long, glabrous.
Fruits - To +5cm long, 4-angled, glabrous, on thick stalk to 6mm long, erect and parallel to stem, many seeded, style persistent to form very short beak to -1mm long. Fruit stalks at right angles to stem. Flowering - April - May. Habitat - Low woods, slopes, streambanks, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This plant is a fairly recent introduction to this state but it spreading like wildfire and can be found almost anywhere. It prefers shaded areas of the habitats mentioned above. The leaves are edible and are often eaten back in the "old country." They kind of taste like a cross between garlic and radish. The flowers are fairly showy and the plant is attractive but it should not be spread.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Simaroubaceae Stems - No info. yet. Leaves - No info. yet. Inflorescence - No info. yet.
Flowers - Staminate flowers - Fetid. Pedicels to 6mm long, sparse pubescent. Calyx tube 1mm long, 2mm broad, 5-lobed. Lobes acute, .8mm long. Petals 5, cupped, greenish-white, 3.5mm long, alternating with the calyx lobes, 3.5mm long, 1.2mm broad, densely pubescent near the base abaxially, also pubescent on the margins and some adaxially. Stamens 10, erect to spreading. Filaments densely pubescent (at least in the basal 1/2), white, 2.5mm long. Anthers yellow, 1.2mm long.
Flowering - May - June. Habitat - Waste ground, along streams, base of bluffs, thickets, roadsides, railroads, commonly cultivated. Origin - Native to Asia. Other info. - This common tree can be found scattered throughout Missouri in the wild and is widely cultivated. The plant grows fast and is quite a noxious weed. It also grows well from seed. It should not be willingly spread in the wild. Trees can be staminate, pistillate, or perfect. Only the staminate plants have a bad odor when flowering. A. altissima has been used medicinally in the past. A tea made from the bark is used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and tapeworms. Large doses of the tea, however, may be toxic. The tree has also been shown to have antimalarial properties. In China, some cases of hay fever have been attributed to the plant. The wood of this species can be mixed with other hardwoods for pulp in the paper-making process. Sap from the wood has been known to give cause rashes in some people.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Apiaceae Stems - From elongate rhizomes and fibrous roots, multiple from the base, herbaceous, with a strong "fennel" scent, glabrous, to 70cm tall. Leaves - Basal leaves long-petiolate, bipinnately divided. Petiole to +40cm long, with a wide adaxial groove. Leaflets mostly glabrous or with a few short stiff hairs on the main veins below, ovate to oblong, serrate to doubly serrate, with impressed veins adaxially, 7-8cm long, 4-5cm broad, sometimes lobed again. Upper leaves reduced but similar to basals. Petioles loose sheathing at the base.
Inflorescence - Terminal pedunculate compound umbels. Peduncles glabrous, 8-10cm long. Rays 10-20, to 4cm long, glabrous. Umbellets with 10-20 raylets. Raylets to 6mm long in fruit, shorter in flower. Flowers - Petals 5, white, spreading, glabrous, to 1.5mm long, 1mm broad, with an inflexed apiculate apex. Styles 2, -2mm long in flower, whitish, glabrous, expanded at base, divided all the way to the base. Stigmas capitate. Ovary inferior, green, glabrous, 1.1mm long in flower. Stamens 5, spreading, alternating with petals. Fruits slightly compressed, ellipsoid, glabrous, with a conspicuous groove between the locules, to +/-4mm long, 2-3mm broad. Styles recurved along the margins of the fruit.
Flowering - May - August. Habitat - Waste ground, old homesites. Origin - Native to Eurasia. Other info. - This species can be found cultivated throughout Missouri but is rarely escaped in moist waste ground. The plant spreads quickly by rhizomes and can be invasive if left unchecked. It also thrives in shaded areas. A variegated variety, var. variegatum Bailey, is very common in cultivation.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月13日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +70cm tall, from rhizomes, herbaceous, lanate, branching in upper half, erect, fragrant when crushed.
Leaves - Alternate, sessile, linear to lanceolate or oblong, twice or ternately pinnatifid, lanate below, sparse lanate above. Basal leaves to +25cm long. Cauline leaves typically to +10cm long, +3cm broad. Inflorescence - Flat or domed terminal cymose arrangement of flower heads. Involucre - 5mm tall(long), 3mm in diameter. Phyllaries in 2-3 series, with scarious margins, lanate pubescent, imbricate. Outer phyllaries shorter than inner. Ray flowers - Ligules typically 5 per flower head, white to pinkish, 5mm long, clawed. Expanded portion of ligule 3mm long, 2-3mm broad, emarginate or shallow 3-toothed at apex. Claw 2mm long, greenish, glandular. Achene flattened. Pappus none. Disk flowers - Disk to 3mm in diameter. Flowers typically 5-20 per flower head, fertile. Corolla tube to -2mm long, greenish, 5-lobed. Lobes white. Achenes flattened. Pappus none. Receptacle slightly convex, with chaff equaling disk flowers.
Flowering - May - November. Habitat - Roadsides, railroads, disturbed sites, pastures, fields, prairies. Origin - Native to the U.S. and Europe. Other info. - The plant has a strong odor when bruised or crushed. According to Steyermark there is another subspecies in Missouri, A. millefolium millefolium, which can be differentiated from this subspecies by a broader, more flat-topped inflorescence. This second subspecies may have two forms, one with pink or rose colored flowers, and a second with white flowers, glabrous or slightly hairy stems, and glabrous to slightly hairy lanceolate to ovate leaves. Of course there are cultivars of Achillea out there. One yellow flowered plant is named Achillea Moonshine and looks like this:
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