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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Rosaceae Stems - Acaulescent. Leaves and inflorescences from short crown. Plants stoloniferous and rhizomatous.
Leaves - Basal, trifoliolate, petiolate, stipulate. Stipules acute, 2cm long, 5-6mm broad, glabrous except for villous midvein. Petioles to +16cm long, pilose or with appressed pubescence. Leaflets lance-ovate to obovate, glabrous above, sericeous below, to -5cm long, +/-2.6cm broad, serrate-dentate on upper portion of margins, entire near base. Terminal leaflet on slightly longer petiolule than lateral leaflets. Lateral leaflets oblique at base. Inflorescence - Open corymbiform cluster. Peduncle to 15cm long, pilose. Pedicels pilose or with appressed pubescence, to 1.3cm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, to 8mm long, 5.5mm broad, glabrous, orbicular to broadly obovate, spreading. Stamens many(+20), borne at edge of receptacle. Filaments 1.5mm long, yellow, glabrous. Anthers yellow. Pistils many. Hypanthium broadly conic, 2mm tall(long). sericeous. Bracts 5, linear, to +/-5mm long, 1.2mm broad, sericeous, alternating with sepals. Sepals acuminate, +/-5mm long, 2.2mm broad at base, sericeous. Fruit red, accessory, with many small achenes on surface, to +/-1.5cm long, a strawberry for goodness sakes. Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Open slopes, prairies, rocky open ground, open woods, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - What else can I say? It's a strawberry plant, plain and simple. The strawberries you buy in the store, (F. x ananassa), are hybrids of this species and F. chiloensis (L.) Duchn. from Europe. The European strawberries have the size but no flavor and our plants have the taste but no size. The hybrid typically has both. F. virginiana has smaller flowers than the hybrid plants, which occasionally escape cultivation in our area. The leaves of F. virginiana are typically trifoliolate but sometimes have a an extra pair of reduced leaflets also.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Euphorbiaceae Stems - To +1m tall, 5mm thick near base, 1mm thick near inflorescence, glabrous to somewhat pubescent, glaucous, erect, herbaceous, from a deep taproot and caudex, single or multiple from base, with milky sap.
Leaves - Alternate below, opposite in and near inflorescence, entire, oblong to oblong- linear, to 6.5cm long, 1.5cm broad, sessile or with very short petioles, rounded or blunt at apex, glabrous or with a few sparse strigose hairs near at apex. Inflorescence - Terminal, flat-topped corymbs or paniculate (depending on variety, see below). Flowers - Cyathia with 5 white appendages. Appendages to 4mm long, 3mm broad, glabrous, often notched at apex. Green glands at base of appendages 1.2mm broad. Staminate flower with white filaments. Filaments to .8mm long, glabrous. Anthers yellow, biglobose, .7mm broad. Pistillate flowers with 3 styles. Styles to .7mm long, glabrous, divided. Cyathia densely pubescent internally. Capsules to +4mm long, 3-locular, one seed per locule.
Fruit - Smooth, 3-parted capsule to 4mm long, white, ovoid. Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Prairies, pastures, open woods, glades, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S.
Other info. - Steyermark divides this species into 3 varieties. Variety mollis Millsp. has the lower surface of the leaves and at least the upper portion of the stem pubescent. Variety corollata is mostly glabrous and the cyathia, including the white appendages, is 7-10mm broad. Variety paniculata Boiss. is mostly glabrous and the cyathia, including the appendages, are 5-7mm broad. This variety also has a more dense, panicle-like inflorescence and is fairly rare. This species will secrete a white, latex substance when cut or bruised and is mildly toxic. The plant is quite frequent in dry portions of the habitats listed above.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Liliaceae Stems - Ariel stems to +15cm tall, glabrous, erect, herbaceous, simple, from bulblike corm.
Leaves - Two per flowering plant, one in non-flowering plants, linear-elliptic to oblanceolate, entire, acute, glabrous, green and glaucous below, mottled with purple above, to 4cm broad, +/-10cm long. Inflorescence - Single nodding flower terminating aerial stem.
Flower - Petals and sepals white internally, typically with lilac tinge externally, reflexed when mature, linear-oblong, entire, 6mm broad, +3cm long, glabrous. Stamens 6, adnate to base of petals and sepals, erect, exserted. Filaments flattened, +1mm broad. Anthers yellow, 6mm long. Style white, to 1.5cm long, exserted. Stigmas 3, to 3mm long. Ovary superior, 3-locular, ovules many. Fruit to 2.5cm long, weekly 3-angled, glabrous. Flowering - March - May.
Habitat - Low woods, wooded slopes, ravines. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - The leaves of this small lily can be variable. Some leaves have heavy dark mottling, others have faint to no mottling. The leaves, however, are usually always glaucous below. This plant is quite common in most of the state but is more frequent below the Missouri river. It grows in shaded areas of the habitats mentioned above. The species is a good indicator that spring is arriving, being one of the first plants to bloom. Non-flowering plants can be found in large colonies and have a single leaf.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Apiaceae Stems - Glabrous, few-leaved, glaucous, terete, to +/-1.5m tall, from a mass of tuberous roots.
Leaves - Mostly basal, with aristate serrations on margins, glabrous, glaucous, to 100cm long, +/-6cm broad, linear, with parallel venation. Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate cymes. The bracts subtending each cyme division lanceolate and foliate, reduced upwards. Peduncles glabrous and glaucous. Flowers in capitate globose clusters terminating each peduncle. Clusters bracteate, to +/-2cm in diameter. Individual florets sessile, subtended by one chaffy bract. Chaff glabrous, acute, partially enclosing the floret, to 1cm long, glabrous. Receptacle subglobose.
Flowers - Florets to +/-6mm long. Petals 5, white, glabrous, irregular, to 3mm long. Styles 2, exserted, greenish-white, glabrous, to 5mm long, with a green nectariferous ring at base. Ovary inferior, covered with small scarious scales, 2-locular, 2-seeded(one seed per locule). Stamens 5, distinct, folded back on themselves at first and then erect and exserted. Filaments glabrous, greenish white, to 3-4mm long. Anthers greenish, to 1.3mm long. Sepals 5, erect, stiff, to +3mm long, +2mm broad, ovate, aristate, green with whitish margins, glabrous but minutely denticulate on midrib abaxially. Flowering - June - September.
Habitat - Prairies, open woods, glades, also cultivated. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - The plant, at first glance, appears as an Agave or Yucca. The flowers really give away the fact that it belongs with the carrots. The stems of the plant also have a carrot fragrance when crushed. This species is widely cultivated.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To +/-1m tall, erect, herbaceous, from fibrous roots, branching above, single from base, antrorse strigose, with vertical striations or sometimes carinate.
Leaves - Alternate. Lowest leaves on petioles to +/-5cm long. Blades oblanceolate, to 2cm broad, mostly entire. Cauline leaves sessile, linear to linear-oblong, reduced upward, entire, scabrous, antrorse strigose. Inflorescence - Loose cymose arrangement of single terminal flower heads. Flower heads to +/-1.5cm broad. Peduncles dense antrorse strigose. Involucre - +/-7mm broad, 2-3mm tall. Phyllaries imbricate, antrorse strigose on midveins externally, 3mm long, .7mm broad, linear, often with reddish apices. Ray flowers - White. Ligules 5-6mm long, 1mm broad, glabrous, obtuse at apex, 75-100 per flower head. Pappus of a few short capillary bristles.
Disk flowers - Disk to 7.5mm broad. Disk corollas 5-lobed, yellow. Corolla tube to 1.6mm long. Pappus of outer row of short scales, inner row of capillary bristles. Achenes 2-nerved. Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Prairies, open woods, waste ground, open fields, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This plant is frequent in dry, wild areas throughout the state. It is not as weedy as the more common E. annuus (L.) Pers. which is taller, has broader leaves, and has larger flower heads.
E. strigosus is popular with many flying insects and would make a decent garden subject.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To 1.5m tall, hirsute to sparse pubescent, simple or branching above, herbaceous, terete to ridged, from fibrous roots. Leaves - Alternate. Lowest leaves petiolate, to +10cm long. Petioles winged, to +2cm long. Upper cauline leaves sessile, non-clasping, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, coarsely toothed to entire, with ciliate margins, pubescent above and below, to 9cm long, +2cm broad, reduced above.
Inflorescence - Single flower heads terminating axillary peduncles. Peduncles slightly expanded just below flower head, hollow, pubescent(appressed). Involucre - In single subequal series or with outer series of tiny, scant bracts and single inner series. Phyllaries -1mm broad, 5-6mm long, entire, short pubescent to pilose, attenuate. Receptacle dome-shaped in cross section.
Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. Erigeron annuus plant Family - Asteraceae Stems - To 1.5m tall, hirsute to sparse pubescent, simple or branching above, herbaceous, terete to ridged, from fibrous roots. Erigeron annuus stemLower portion of stem.
Leaves - Alternate. Lowest leaves petiolate, to +10cm long. Petioles winged, to +2cm long. Upper cauline leaves sessile, non-clasping, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, coarsely toothed to entire, with ciliate margins, pubescent above and below, to 9cm long, +2cm broad, reduced above. Inflorescence - Single flower heads terminating axillary peduncles. Peduncles slightly expanded just below flower head, hollow, pubescent(appressed). Involucre - In single subequal series or with outer series of tiny, scant bracts and single inner series. Phyllaries -1mm broad, 5-6mm long, entire, short pubescent to pilose, attenuate. Receptacle dome-shaped in cross section. Erigeron annuus involucreInvolucre. Ray flowers - Pistillate. Ligules white to pinkish, linear, threadlike, +/-100, to 1cm long, -1mm broad, glabrous. Disk flowers - Disk to -1cm broad. Corollas yellow, 2-3mm long, 5-lobed. Achenes pubescent. Pappus of barbed capillary bristles to 2mm long and often with short outer row of scales. Erigeron annuus flower Flowering - April - November. Habitat - Waste ground, pastures, prairies, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is one of the most weedy flowers in Missouri. It can bloom at a height of 10cm if mowed over or cut. The leaves have quite a bit of variation in the amount of teeth on the margins and the overall shape.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Apiaceae Stems - To +/-15cm tall, erect, single or multiple from the base, from a globose tuber (the tuber to +/-1.5cm in diameter), herbaceous, fleshy, purplish (green at the base), glabrous, angled to ribbed.
Leaves - One to many per plant, petiolate, ternately decompound, glabrous. Petioles sheathing at the base, grooved adaxially, purple, to 2cm long. Petiolules grooved adaxially. Leaves to +5cm broad and long. Ultimate divisions of the leaves acute, entire, shiny below, dull green above, the tips with a small translucent spot (use a lens to see), with a single midrib. Upper most leaf of the stem reduced and bract-like. Inflorescence - Terminal compound umbels. Primary rays 3-4, to +2cm long, glabrous, purplish. Bracts subtending the umbellets 5, +/-5mm long, -1mm broad, subacute at the apex, with a minute thickened tip (the tip slightly orange). Umbellets with +/-6 flowers. Pedicels purple, glabrous, to 1.5mm long.
Flowers - Petals 5, white, glabrous, oblanceolate to spatulate, to 4mm long, +1mm broad, spreading. Stamens 5, erect. Filaments white, glabrous, 2-2.2mm long, thicker at the base. Anthers pink to wine-colored when fresh, becoming black when dry. Pollen white. Styles 2, glabrous, pinkish (pale), expanded and deep purple at the base. Ovary inferior, 2-locular, one ovule per locule. Calyx purple, glabrous, 1-1.1mm tall, 1.4mm broad, ribbed (12), slightly thickened at the apex. Sepals absent. Fruits 2-3mm long, 3-5mm broad, glabrous. Flowering - January - April.
Habitat - Rich shaded woods, at or near the base of slopes, alluvial soils along streams and in valleys, alluvial thickets, at the base of rocky bluffs. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This minute species is the first native wildflower to bloom in Missouri. Becasue of its small size and habitat, it is often overlooked. The flowers rarely protrude more than one or two centimeters above the forest leaf litter. The pinkish anthers quickly dry and turn black. The black of the anthers and the white of the petals give the plant a "pepper and salt" appearance. The leaves of the plant unfold completely just at the end of the plants growing season. By the warm months of late spring, the plant is dried and gone. The species is found in much of Missouri except in the bootheel and in the northern 1/3 of the state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月15日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Elaeagnaceae Stems - Commonly multiple from the base but sometimes with a single trunk, to +5m tall, erect, woody. Twigs densely lepidote, silvery. New seasons growth shiny silver because of dense scales.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate. Petioles to -1cm long, densely lepidote, with a shallow adaxial groove. Blades elliptic to lanceolate, to 8cm long, -2.5cm broad, deep green adaxially and sparsely lepidote, slivery green and densely lepidote abaxially, rounded to acute at the apex. Inflorescence - Axillary umbels of 2-7 flowers. Pedicels to 5mm long in flower (to 12mm in fruit), densely lepidote.
Flowers - Petals absent. Sepals 4, united into a 4-lobed tube. Tube to +1cm long, whitish to pale yellow, drying yellow, 4-angled in cross section, densely lepidote. Lobes ovate, acute, 4-5mm long and broad, pubescent and white internally, lepidote externally. Stamens 4, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube. Filaments wanting. Anthers yellow, drying brown, to 2mm long. Style 1, pale green, stellate pubescent, exserted from the perianth, uncinate at the apex. Calyx tube with nectaries at the base internally. Ovary inferior, with 1 ovule, unilocular. Flowers very fragrant. Fruits globose to ovoid, 3-9mm in diameter, red. Flowering - April - May.
Habitat - Cultivated and escaped to waste ground, roadsides, fencerows, thickets. Origin - Native to Asia. Other info. - This weedy species can be found escaped in a handful of Missouri counties but it will almost certainly expand its range with time. The plant is listed as a noxious weeds in many parts of North America. The fruits of this shrubby tree are quite edible and many animals help spread the seeds into the wild. The roots have nitrogen fixing nodules that enable the plant to survive in weak soils. There are a few different species of Elaeagnus in Missouri. All are introduced and invasive.
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