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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Ranunculaceae Stems - Single from a small woody caudex, erect, herbaceous, terete, Variously pubescent but typically with appressed retrorse pubescence, typically simple but vigorous plant will branch, to +1m tall.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, short petiolate to sessile above. Petioles to +/-15cm long, pubescent, flattened adaxially. Blades palmately divided (the main divisions divided again), to +/-9cm long and broad, pubescent. Divisions of the lowest leaves to 5mm broad. Divisions of the upper leaves linear, subacute to acute.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate raceme to +30cm long. Each flower subtended by at least a small subulate bract. Lower flowers with foliaceous bracts. Pedicels to 1.5cm long, typically densely retrorse pubescent. Each flower with a pair of opposite bracts at the base. Bracts subulate-linear, to 6mm long, 1mm broad, erect. Flowers - Petals 5, variously shaped, blue to white. 3 petals forming the spur of the corolla. Lateral petals bearded, deeply notched. Lateral spur petals with cylindric bases for holding nectar. Central spur petal linear and thin. Stamens many, surrounding the pistils. Filaments glabrous, greenish-white, compressed, to 6mm long, some curled, others straight. Anthers olive-greenish brown, 1.8-2mm long. Pistils 3, lanate, 5mm long in flower, tapering to the apex and a short glabrous style and stigma (to 1mm long). Sepals 5, violet blue to white, free, to 1cm long, 6-7mm broad, mostly rounded at the apex, glabrous internally, pubescent externally. Spur sepal to 2cm long, rugose.
Flowering - May - June. Habitat - Limestone glades, prairies, and rocky woods, roadsides, railroads in prairies. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This showy species an be found throughout much of Missouri but is most abundant in the Ozark region of the state. The brilliant blue flowers are easy to spot growing on glades and along rocky roadsides. This species and another, D. virescens Nutt., are now considered to be the same species or, at most, subspecies of D. carolinianum. Where the two plants overlap in the wild, they integrade. The resulting plants have light blue flowers as shown below:
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Ranunculaceae Stems - To +1m tall, erect to somewhat reclining with age, glabrous to puberulent or glandular(especially above), herbaceous, branching above, from taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below to sessile above, with 3-5 deeply divided lobes, typically pubescent. Ultimate divisions linear to linear-oblong, entire (ciliate-margined), to 2.5mm broad. Petioles to 9cm below.
Inflorescence - Dense terminal racemes to +10cm in flower. Each flower subtended by a pubescent linear bract to 9mm long. Pedicels to 7mm long, thick, expanded at apex, with pair of subopposite linear bracts to 3mm long, dense puberulent. Flowers - Sepals deep blue-purple,(sometimes whitish to pinkish or mottled in cultivation), the most showy portion of the flower, spurred. Spur to -2cm long, dense pubescent. Petals 4, united, covering other floral organs(stamens and carpel), spurred. Stamens many, included. Filaments white, sparse pubescent, 5-6mm long, expanded at base. Anthers yellow, 1.1mm long. Ovary dense pubescent, 3-4mm long, conic.
Fruit - A follicle to 2cm long, one per flower, variously pubescent. (All other native members of the genus have 3 follicles per flower). Flowering - July - August. Habitat - Cultivated. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This is an occasional garden annual which is probably not much escaped in the state. The flowers come in a variety of other colors, some of which are shown below:
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Boraginaceae Stems - To .75m tall, from thick taproot, herbaceous, erect, simple, hirsute, subfistulose.
Leaves - Alternate. Basal and lowest cauline leaves petiolate, spatulate, to +25cm long, densely pubescent, entire, scabrous. Upper cauline leaves sessile, clasping, densely pubescent, lanceolate to linear-oblong, to 10cm long, +3cm broad, reduced above, entire, blunt to rounded or subacute at apex.
Inflorescence - Terminal loose cymes(typically paired) in a scorpoid arrangement, indeterminate. Peduncles hirsute. Pedicels to -1cm, hirsute. Flowers - Corolla tubular, funnelform, 5-lobed, to -1cm broad at apex. Tube to 2mm long. Lobes to 3mm long, 2.5mm broad, pale blue. Stamens 5, alternating with corolla lobes, adnate to corolla tube, mostly included. Anthers -1mm long. Ovary of 4 nutlets which appear attached at base. Style to 1.1mm long, arising from between nutlets (nutlets to +5mm long in fruit). Calyx deeply 5-lobed. Lobes to 4mm long, 2.5mm broad, oblong, densely pubescent.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Rich rocky woods, slopes, ravines, ridges, thickets, bottoms. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species can be found mostly in the southern and eastern half of Missouri. The plant is easy to identify in the field because of its big basal leaves, hirsute stems, and pale blue flowers. Medicinally the plant was used by natives to treat a host of ailments. Cancer, gonorrhea, and genital itching were all thought to be helped by drinking a tea made from the roots of the plant. In more recent times the leaves were smoked like tobacco.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Commelinaceae Stems - Erect to ascending, herbaceous, multiple from base, from thick roots, glabrous to sparse pubescent near apex, often with reddish-purple striations, branching, to -1m long.
Leaves - Alternate, sheathing, lanceolate to lance-oblong, attenuate, entire, undulate or not, glabrous, to +11cm long, to +/-2.5cm broad. Margins often reddish. Ocrea scarious-green, with rounded lobes at apex or not. Lobes to 2.5mm long. Margins of the ocrea typically with white cilia.
Inflorescence - Terminal cymes of +/-3 flowers. Cymes subtended (surrounded) by a folded spathe. Spathe margins joined in basal 1/3 to 1/2. Spathe pilose to scabrous because of hispidulous hairs, to 2.5cm long, 2cm broad (when folded), acute.Flowers - Petals 3. 2 upper petals blue, clawed. Claw to 3mm long, white. Limb (sub)orbicular to reniform, to 1.7cm in diameter, glabrous. Lower petal white, reduced, notched at apex, +/-6mm long, 7-8mm broad, often scarious, glabrous. Staminodia 3. All exserted by upper petals. Anthers yellow, 4-lobed. Filaments glabrous, pale yellow to white, to 4mm long. Stamens 3, unequal, one similar to staminodia (and exserted just beyond them), other two more "typical" and exserted by lower petal. Filaments of two "typical" stamens glabrous, to 1.4cm long, lilac, curling inward at apex. Anthers purplish, 2mm long. Style curling at apex, to 5mm long, glabrous, white. Ovary green, 1mm in diameter, 3-locular. Sepals 3, whitish, reduced.
Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Sand and gravel bars, streambanks, wooded slopes, bluffs, glades, roadside ditches. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species is frequent in the lower 1/2 of the state but is found is several more counties scattered throughout our area. The species has the typical flowers of the genus and has erect stems, (hence the species name), which makes it easy to ID in the field. Steyermark and other authors break the species apart into as many as 3 or more varieties and as many forms. These varieties are determined by leaf width or spathe size. Some integration occurs. For the origins of the genus name, see C. communis in this same section of this website.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Commelinaceae Stems - Erect to variously ascending, internodes glabrous, somewhat pubescent and often rooting at nodes, herbaceous. Leaves - Alternate, entire, typically glabrous to scabrous above, glaucous below, to +10cm long, +3cm wide, lanceolate. Base of blade forming a sheath(ocrea) around stem.
Inflorescence - Axillary flowers emerging from folded bract (spathe). Spathe to 3cm long, green, margins separate all the way to the base.
Flowers - Corolla of 3 petals. Upper two petals blue-purple, to 15mm long. Lower petal white, small, to 5mm long. Fertile stamens 3. Staminodes 3, with false anthers. False anthers yellow with brownish center.
Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Moist ground in waste places, lawns, disturbed sites, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Asia. Other info. - This plant can be found scattered throughout Missouri. Although there are native species in the state, this introduced plant is the most common member of the genus in Missouri. The genus name is in commemoration of two Dutch botanists, Jan and Kaspar Commelin, who had a brother who died at an early age and contributed nothing to botany. The three petals of the flower represent these three brothers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Fabaceae Stems - Herbaceous, erect to reclining or vining, green, puberulent and very sparse pilose, to 60cm long, from a big taproot.
Leaves - Alternate, trifoliolate, stipulate, petiolate. Stipules to 5mm long, 2mm broad, subulate-ovate, acute, spreading, sparse ciliate-margined. Swollen portion at base of petiole to 2.1mm long. Petiole pubescent as stem. Stiples needlelike, 2mm long. Petiolules of terminal leaflet to 2.5mm long, pubescent as the stem. Leaflets lance-ovate, to 7cm long, 3cm broad, deep green adaxially, bluish-green below, mucronate, very sparse pubescent.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers. Pedicel jointed in upper 2/3, with a pair of opposing bracts at joint. Bracts to 4.5mm long, 1.5mm broad, green, glabrous. Pedicel minutely pubescent(sparse), to 8mm long in flower. Flowers - Corolla resupinate, papilionaceous. The standard lilac internally with a pale yellow splotch near the apex and purple spotting basally in the center, notched at apex, to -5cm long, -4cm broad, glabrous, pale lilac to whitish externally. Wing petals purplish(lilac) at apex, +/-4cm long, apically connate and adnate to the keel petals. Keel petals clawed and white. Stamens diadelphous, the tube white and glabrous, to 3cm long. Ovary stalked. Stalk to 6mm long, green, tomentoulose. Ovary slightly compressed, 8mm long, tomentoulose. Style white, upcurved, to 1.5cm long, flattened, with a beard of hairs adaxially. Calyx bilabiate, the upper lip single-lobed. The lobe notched at the apex creating two shallow lobes, the lobes acute and 4mm long. The lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes triangular, acuminate, entire, to +/-7mm long. The central lobe less broad than the lateral lobes. all the lobes ciliate-margined. Calyx tube cylindric, green, to 1.5cm long, 7-8mm in diameter, glabrous internally, with a few sparse hairs externally but mostly glabrous. Calyx subtended by a pair of opposite bracts. Bracts to 4.5mm long, 1.5mm broad, green, glabrous. Fruit to +/-4cm long, slightly compressed, glabrous, beaked, with a stalk to +1cm long.
Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Upland rocky woods with acid soils, sandstone glades, ravines, ridges, stream openings. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This popular and striking species can be found in the southern 1/4 of Missouri. The flowers of this species are quite large. The plant is commonly called "Butterfly Pea" not because it is a good butterfly attracting species but because of its big flowers which are butterfly-shaped (papilionaceous). This species would make a good ornamental but does not transplant well and is "picky" about where it will grow.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To 1.5m tall, glabrous to sparsely strigose and scabrous, herbaceous, branching, erect, with milky sap, from a massive taproot.
Leaves - Alternate. Basal leaves lyrate pinnatifid, resembling those of the genus Taraxacum, to +30cm long, +6cm wide, dentate, pubescent above and below, hirsute on midrib below. Cauline leaves lanceolate to linear, clasping, entire, much reduced. Inflorescence - Typically 1-3 axillary flowers in upper portion of stems. Some flowers terminal. Lower flowers with reduced leaf(bract) subtending. Upper flowers with no bract or bract reduced and scalelike. Involucre - Outer phyllaries 5-6mm long, acute, glabrous, +/-2mm broad, bulbous at base, green. Inner phyllaries to 1.1cm long, 2mm broad, linear, acute, typically with scarious margins and lacerate at apex, green.
Ray flowers - Ligule blue to lilac, 5-toothed at apex, to -2cm long, 5-6mm broad, pubescent externally. Flowers fertile. Anthers blue, 4mm long, connate around style. Style blue above, white below, bifurcate. Stigma blue. Achenes -2mm long in flower. Pappus of short scales. Receptacle flat. Disc flowers - Absent.
Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Roadsides, railroads, disturbed sites, waste ground. Also cultivated. Origin - Native to Eurasia. Other info. - Chicory is an extremely common roadside weed. It is probably the most easily recognizable plant in the state because of its big blue flowers and roadside habitat. During the hot summer months the flowers only stay open a short time in the morning. As the days cool the flowers stay open nearly all day. The plant shown above is form intybus, having the typical blue corolla. Form album Neum. has white corollas. A third form, form roseum Neum., has rose-colored corollas, but this plant is not yet spontaneous in this state.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asteraceae Stems - To 1m tall, tomentose to arachnoid pubescent, herbaceous.
Leaves - Alternate. Cauline leaves linear, entire, arachnoid pubescent, to +10cm long, +5mm wide. Inflorescence - Single flower head terminating branches. Involucre - Involucre to 1.5cm tall, imbricate, phyllaries with fimbriate margins.
Ray flowers - Absent. Disc flowers - Corolla typically blue-purple but other colors in cultivated varieties, marginal flowers sterile. inner flowers smaller, fertile. Achenes to 4mm long. Pappus of capillary bristles.
Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Prairies, waste ground, roadsides, railroads. Also cultivated. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This plant is heavily cultivated and escaped to a variety of locations. The disk flowers can be blue-purple, white, or pink. The plant is commonly used in dried flower arrangements.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Campanulaceae Stems - To 1.5m tall, from creeping rhizomes, glabrous to hispid, simple, herbaceous, often purplish below.
Leaves - Alternate, petiolate below, becoming sessile or very short-petiolate above. Petioles to +/-15cm long, purplish, retrorse pubescent especially at base and apex. Blades of lower leaves cordate, ovate, acute, +6cm long, +/-4cm broad, scabrous below, scabrous above(especially near base). Midrib below strigose and long pubescent. Leaves above reduced, lanceolate-ovate.
Inflorescence - Terminal raceme to more than 1/2 the length of plant. Leaves reduced to bracts in inflorescence. Flowers one from each axil. Pedicels to 1cm long in flower, elongating in fruit to +6cm, typically glabrous. Flowers - Corolla blue-purple, campanulate, 5-lobed. Tube to 1.3cm long, sparse pubescent internally, glabrous externally. Lobes +/-1cm long, spreading, sparsely ciliate-margined, acute, 5mm broad at base. Stamens 5. Filaments abruptly broadened and flattened at base, white, to 4mm long, connivent and pubescent at broadened base. Anthers yellow, curled, 5-6mm long. Style 1.5mm long, exserted. Stigma 3-lobed. Ovary inferior, 3-locular, ovules (seeds) many, placentation axile. Calyx tubular, 5-lobed, campanulate. Tube +/-4mm long and broad(at apex), scabrous. Lobes to 8mm long, 1.6mm broad, spreading to recurving, scabrous.
Flowering - June - August. Habitat - Open stream banks, around old homesites, also cultivated. Origin - Native to Eurasia. Other info. - This plant is unmistakable and quite nice to look at. It is, however, introduced and care should be taken not knowingly spread the plant in the wild. Steyermark lists the plant as C. rapunculoides var. rapunculoides.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Campanulaceae Stems - To +2m tall, erect, herbaceous, simple or branching above, with milky sap, hollow, from thick roots, slightly winged, (wings to .5mm broad), glabrous or minutely appressed pubescent but with coarse hairs on wings.
Leaves - Alternate, short petiolate to sessile, typically abruptly contracted to tapering at base and slightly decurrent on petiole, lance-oblong, serrate(with minute prickles at apices of teeth), acuminate-attenuate, to 17cm long, +/-5cm wide, sparse pubescent above and below. Margins short ciliate. Leaves reduced greatly above to foliaceous bracts. Inflorescence - 1-3 axillary flowers in upper potion of stems. Flowers subtended by typically 3 foliaceous bracts. The central bracts larger, the lateral bracts small and linear. Flowers - Corolla blue-purple, white at the center, 5 lobed, glabrous, rotate, to 1.5-2.5cm broad. Lobes lanceolate-ovate, to 1cm long, their margins sinuous. Stamens 5, alternating with corolla lobes. Filaments white, flattened, joined at base, dense pubescent on one side, to 4mm long. Anthers yellow, spiraling when mature, 5-6mm long. Style white to lilac, thickened, 5mm long. Stigma purple, 5-6mm long, cylindric, slightly curved at apex. Ovary within calyx tube, 3-locular. Placentation axile. Calyx tube to 5mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes 7-8mm long, 1mm broad at base, linear-attenuate, spreading to recurved. Fruiting capsules to +1cm long, +/-4mm in diameter.
Flowering - June - September. Habitat - Moist ground, open moist woods, streambanks, roadside ditches. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This species is quite common and can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is becoming popular in cultivation and grows easily from seed. It would make an attractive addition to any garden. C. americana is one of the easiest plants to identify while in flower as nothing else in our range even resembles it.
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