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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Apocynaceae Stems - Trailing, twining, herbaceous, green, glabrous or sparsely glandular pubescent, typically hollow, to +2m long.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to 4mm long, glabrous. Blades elliptic-ovate to oblong-elliptic, glabrous, entire, acute, shiny green above, silvery green below, to +3.5cm long, -2cm broad.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from the leaf axils. Pedicels to -2cm long in flower. Flowers - Corolla 2.5-3cm broad, salverform, 5-lobed, bluish-purple. Corolla tube 1.1cm long, glabrous externally, pubescent internally just at throat. Lobes truncate at apex, 1cm long and broad (at apex). Stamens 5, opposite the corolla lobes, adnate at apex of the corolla tube. Filaments green, 2.5mm long, bent at the base and with a few hairs in the lower portion of the bend, expanded and compressed at the apex. Anthers yellow, 1.6mm long, densely pubescent. Style green, 4.5mm long, glabrous. Stigma densely white pubescent (villous). Ovary 2-carpellate, superior, 1.4mm long, green, glabrous, with two opposing nectaries adjacent to the carpels. Nectaries yellowish to purple in flower. Calyx 5-lobed, green, glabrous. Tube to 1.5mm long. Lobes typically 4-5mm long, linear-subulate, acute, glabrous. Often 1 lobe expanded and colored as the corolla.
Flowering - April - May. Habitat - Woods, bluffs, waste ground. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This popular species in cultivation has found its way to many wild places in Missouri. It can be aggressive if left unchecked and can form large mats covering many square meters. The striking blue flowers appear in the spring. This species can be differentiated from a similar species, V. major L., by its smaller leaves and flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Apocynaceae Stems - Vining to climbing or twining, herbaceous, glabrous or with sparse hairs near nodes, to +2m long, often rooting at nodes.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +1cm long, with sparse cilia on margins near blade. Blades to 6cm long, +4.5cm broad, ovate, entire, deep green above, dull green below, acute at apex, somewhat truncate to cordate at base, pubescent on veins above, glabrous below. Margins ciliate.
Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers. Peduncles typically shorter than leaves, to +4cm long, 1.1mm in diameter, glabrous. Flowers - Corolla to 5cm broad, slaverform. Corolla tube to +/-1.5cm long, contracted near base, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes spreading, to 2cm long, 1.8cm broad, purple with white at base, glabrous, truncate at apex. Stamens 5, adnate to corolla tube, included. Anthers converging, with expanded connective that covers the stigma. Style 1, included. Ovary 2-carpellate. Calyx tube to 2mm long and broad, 5-lobed. Lobes linear-attenuate, to 1.5cm long, 1.1mm broad at base, ciliate-margined. Follicles 2, fused, to 5cm long.
Flowering - April - May. Habitat - Cultivated. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - When speaking of this plant is very important that everyone is using scientific name to prevent confusion. The name Vinca is, unfortunately, used by some folks as a name for another member of the Apocynaceae, Catharanthus roseus. The term "Periwinkle" is often used to name both Vinca and Catharanthus. To make matters worse there is another species of Vinca, Vinca minor, which also grows in Missouri. If there were ever a better argument for using only scientific names, I do not know it. V. major is not as common in this state as the closely related V. minor. The two plants are nearly identical except for leaf shape and flower size.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Scrophulariaceae Stems - Multiple from base, erect, to +50cm tall, herbaceous, purplish near base, glabrous below, tomentose above, simple or branching near apex.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, decussate, reduced upward. Petiole to 1cm long, with some pubescence on margins. Blade ovate to lanceolate, crenate-serrate, to +10cm long, +5cm broad, glabrous or with hairs on midrib above. Inflorescence - Dense indeterminate spikiform raceme to +25cm tall (long). Pedicels to 1.5mm long. Each flower subtended by a minute lanceolate bract to 2mm(longer in fruit).
Flowers - Corolla deep purple, 8-9m broad, 4-lobed, zygomorphic. Corolla tube with some whitish coloring at base, 3mm long, glabrous externally, crinite internally. Lobes mostly obtuse, to 3.7mm long. Stamens 2, erect, exserted, adnate near apex of corolla tube, alternating with upper petals. Filaments violet, 6mm long, glabrous. Anthers violet, 1.3mm long. Style violet, glabrous, 7mm long. Ovary green, superior, densely pubescent, subglobose, 1.1mm in diameter, 2-locular. Calyx 4-lobed. Calyx tube to 1mm long, densely pubescent. Lobes to 2.3mm long, 1.3mm broad, subequal, with ciliate margins, typically acute with one lobe being blunt.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Cultivated. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - I added this plant to the website because it seems to be frequently cultivated in Missouri. The plant is perennial and can be divided each year for further propogation. Many varieties exist and I won't even begin to get into them. Some varieties have taller or shorter stems and others have different colored flowers. The plant is great in butterfly gardens.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Scrophulariaceae Stems - Multiple from the base, prostrate to ascending, rooting at the nodes, branching, from fibrous roots, to +30cm long (10-15cm tall), antrorse puberulent, herbaceous.
Leaves - Opposite, very short-petiolate. Petioles to 1mm long, glabrous. Blades orbicular, entire to slightly crenate, green, +/-9mm long, +7mm broad, mostly glabrous or with a few antrorse hairs on margins near the base. Leaves reduced to bracts in inflorescence.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate racemes. Pedicels to 2mm long, antrorse puberulent, shorter than the subtending bract. Flowers - Corolla zygomorphic, whitish-blue with purple stripes internally, glabrous externally, pubescent internally near the apex of the corolla tube, 4-lobed. Corolla tube to .8mm long. Lobes rounded, to 3mm long and broad, entire. Lower lobe reduced. Stamens 2, erect, exserted, alternate and adnate between lateral and central lobes. Filaments to 3mm long, clavate, white, glabrous. Anthers purple, .3mm long. Ovary superior, glandular pubescent, spherical, green, 1.2mm in diameter, 2 locular, many seeded. Placentation axile. Style 2mm long in flower, glabrous, translucent to purple near the apex. Stigma capitate. Sepals 4, green, unequal, persistent, mostly glabrous but with some antrorse cilia on margins, to -3mm long, 2mm broad in flower, sub-acute to rounded at apex. Fruit obcordate, to 5mm broad, 4mm long, with some glandular pubescence on margins, with a persistent long style.
Flowering - April - July, sometimes again in the fall. Habitat - Low wet woods, spring branches, wet slopes, grassy places, waste ground. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This little species can be found in the southeastern corner on Missouri. The plant forms mats when left undisturbed. This species is easy to ID because of its growing habit, rounded leaves, and whitish-blue flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Scrophulariaceae Stems - Multiple from base, herbaceous, glabrous, to 50cm tall, hollow, weakly 4-angled above, erect to ascending, from thin rhizomes.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile, clasping, glabrous, lanceolate, +/-8cm long, +/-2.5cm broad, acute, upper surface pitted, (use lens to see), dull green, serrulate. Inflorescence - Axillary pedunculate racemes to +/-7cm long. Peduncle to 4cm long, glabrous. Pedicels to 5mm long, glabrous, each subtended by a linear-lanceolate bract. Bracts to -7mm long, -1.5mm broad. Flowers decussate on axis.
Flowers - Corolla lilac to purplish with darker purple striations internally, 4-lobed(3 equal and one smaller), zygomorphic, to 7mm broad. Lobes whitish at base. The 3 equal lobes broadly ovate, 3mm broad and long. Smaller lobe to 2mm in diameter, orbicular. Throat of corolla pubescent. Stamens 2, alternating with 3 larger corolla lobes, erect. Filaments 2.5-3mm long, glabrous, whitish near base, purplish near apex. Anthers yellow-orange, .5mm long. Style 3mm long, glabrous, purplish. Ovary green, glabrous, 1mm broad and long. Calyx accrescent, 4-lobed. Tube to -1mm long. Lobes elliptic-lanceolate, acute, glabrous, 2mm long, 1.1mm broad, entire, green. Capsule slightly compressed, to +/-3.5mm broad and long, dehiscing by 4 valves, brown. Seeds many, tan, -.2mm long.
Flowering - May - October. Habitat - In or at the margin of lake, streams, springs, and ponds. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - Steyermark lists this plant as being the sixth most frequent plant in Ozark Springs. It is indeed common in the Ozark counties and is also found in Jackson and St. Louis Counties. The plant flowers very quickly and sets fruit in just a couple of days. Each flower only lasts about one day. Typically the plants are glabrous but they can also have some glandular pubescence on the stems. A synonym is V. catenata Penn.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月28日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Scrophulariaceae Stems - Erect, decumbent, or sprawling, multiple from fibrous roots, to +/-15cm tall, herbaceous, hollow, villous.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate below, sessile above, broadly ovate to triangular above, to +/-1cm long, 1cm broad, crenate-serrate, pubescent.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate raceme to +/-5cm long. Bracts foliaceous and giving the flowers a single axillary look. Flowers sessile or on petioles to -1mm long. Flowers - Corolla deep blue-purple, to 5mm broad. Petals 4, united at the base to form a short tube to .5mm long. Lobes of the corolla rounded. Stamens 2, erect, adnate at the base of the corolla tube. Filaments whitish, glabrous, to 1mm long. Anthers bluish and white, .3-.4mm long. Ovary superior, green, orbicular, compressed, pubescent on the margins, .5mm in diameter. Style whitish-green, -1mm long and glabrous. Calyx accrescent, deeply 4-lobed, glandular and simple hispid. Lobes oblong, typically unequal, green, rounded to subacute, to 2mm in flower (much longer in fruit). Calyx tube short, -1mm long.
Flowering - March - August. Habitat - Open rocky woods, glades, waste ground, cultivated areas, fields, pastures, lawns, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This little introduced species can be found throughout Missouri. This is one of the earliest little plants to bloom in the spring. The earliest flowers tend to be smaller than the flowers that come later in the season. This is an easy species to ID in the field because of the small blue flowers, sessile leaves, and pubescent stems.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Verbenaceae Stems - To 1.5m tall, hirsute, herbaceous, erect, simple to branching above, 4-angled.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile to very short petiolate, typically ovate, serrate (sometimes doubly), hirsute to villous above and below, to +/-9cm long, +/-5cm broad. Inflorescence - Terminal spikes to -40cm long, indeterminate, with flowers dense and overlapping. Each flower subtended by subulate-attenuate bract to 5mm long. Bracts pubescent and enclosing base of calyx tube.
Flowers - Corolla blue-purple to rose or whitish, salverform, 5-lobed, zygomorphic. Corolla tube to 5mm long, glabrous and whitish at base, pubescent near apex. Expanded portion of corolla to +/-7mm broad. Lobes to 3mm long, pubescent externally and internally. Stamens 4, didynamous, included, adnate at top 2/3 of corolla tube. Anthers .8mm long, yellow. Filaments wanting. Style green, glabrous, 1.5mm long. Ovary green, 1mm long, glabrous, superior. Calyx tube dense antrorse pubescent to hirsute, 4-5mm long, 5-lobed, with 5 ridges (nerves). Lobes acuminate, unequal, to -1mm long.
Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Disturbed sites, waste ground, pastures, prairies, thickets, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This attractive species is fairly common in Missouri. The plant is a typical roadsides weed but is deserving of cultivation becasue of its fairly large size and abundant flowers. This species also has different flower color forms. Form stricta, shown above, has the typical blue-purple flower color. Form albiflora Wadmond, has white flowers. Form roseiflora Benke, has rose-colored flowers. This and other plants in the family Verbenaceae often have square stems much like the family Lamiaceae. These two families are closely related. Many of the Verbenaceae also have scented foliage.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Verbenaceae Stems - To +50cm tall, erect, herbaceous, 4-angled, multiple from base, branching, antrorse strigose.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, oblanceolate (narrowly above), to +8cm long, 1.5cm broad, coarse serrate. antrorse strigose, rugose above. Inflorescence - Terminal spike to +30cm tall (long), 5-8mm in diameter. Flowers dense on spike, each subtended by single bract. Bracts to 3mm long, equaling or shorter than calyx tube, lanceolate, ciliate-margined, otherwise glabrous.
Flowers - Corolla to +/-7mm long, 4mm broad at apex, 5-lobed, zygomorphic, typically lilac to lavender or whitish. Corolla tube to 4mm long, pubescent externally(especially near apex). Lobes to 1mm long, bearded internally. Stamens 5, didynamous, included, adnate around middle of corolla tube. Style included, 2-lobed. Ovary of 2 carpels, 4-lobed. Calyx tube to 4mm long in flower, sparse strigose, 5-lobed. Lobes unequal, acuminate, green. Nutlets to 3mm long, brownish.
Flowering - May - September. Habitat - Glades. prairies, fields, waste ground, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - V. simplex can be found throughout most of the state of Missouri. This small plant can be recognized by its tall thin flower spikes and its narrow serrate leaves. The typical flower color is quite lavender or lilac but, as you can see from the pictures above, the flowers are also commonly whitish. (Actually the flowers photographed were a bit more bluish than they appear in the pics). This species has the most narrow leaves of any Verbena species in Missouri. Like most of the genus, it hybridizes readily.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Verbenaceae Stems - To 1.6m tall, branched above, herbaceous, pubescent, often slightly scabrous, 4-angled.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, lanceolate to lanceolate-oblong or lanceolate-ovate, to +/-3cm broad, +15cm long, serrate to double serrate, scabrous above, pubescent below. Inflorescence - Multiple terminal spikes, with flowers dense and overlapping, indeterminate.
Flowers - Corolla whitish to blue-purple or rose, to 10mm long, 4mm wide at apex, tubular, salverform, 5-lobed, zygomorphic. Stamens 5, included within corolla. Calyx to 3mm long, tubular, pubescent, 5-lobed(toothed).
Flowering - June - October. Habitat - Moist ground, waste ground, pastures, thickets, meadows, streambanks, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This plant is sometimes confused with V. urticifolia L. but the latter has flowers which are not as dense on the spikes and with corollas which are typically white. V. urticifolia also has much broader leaves than does V. hastata. V. hastata is a common plant and can bloom when quite small if mowed or cut frequently. Steyermark lists three forms for the species. Form hastata, pictured above, has the typical blue-purple corolla. Form rosea Cheney, has a rose-colored corolla and is rare. Form albiflora Moldenke, has a white corolla and is also rare.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Verbenaceae Stems - Multiple from the base, from a woody caudex and fibrous roots, erect to ascending, herbaceous, to 30cm tall, typically simple, 4-angled, villous.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, decussate. Petioles to -2cm long, often with decurrent leaf tissue, villous. Blades to +3cm long and broad, ovate, pinnatifid, pubescent. Ultimate divisions acute. Inflorescence - Terminal compact spike, appearing cymose in flower. Each flower subtended by a single bract. Bracts villous, lanceolate-attenuate, to 9mm long, 2mm broad.
Flowers - Corolla zygomorphic, salverform, purplish. Corolla tube to 2cm long, glandular pubescent externally, villous internally and floccose near apex. Corolla lobes 5, to 7mm long, +5mm broad, typically emarginate, glabrous. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate near the middle of the corolla tube, included. Filaments white, to 1mm long, glabrous. Anthers greenish, .7mm long. Style to 1.7cm long, glabrous, greenish-white, included. Stigma unequally 2-lobed. Ovary green, glabrous, 4-lobed, .7mm long. Calyx tube 8mm long, 1.5mm in diameter, villous and glandular pubescent externally, pubescent internally, unequally 5-lobed. Lobes purplish, attenuate, to +2mm long, pubescent as calyx tube.
Flowering - March - November. Habitat - Glades, rocky woods, bluffs, gravel bars, prairies, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This striking plant is found mostly in the lower 2/3 of Missouri. The typical flower color is shown above but whitish and reddish flowers are found also. This species is very tolerant of dry conditions and does well in cultivation. The plant also grows well from seed. A synonym is Glandularia canadensis (L.) Nutt..
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