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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Verbenaceae Stems - Prostrate to decumbent, hirsute, herbaceous, multiple from base, to 50cm long, +/-20cm tall, 4-angled, branching. Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, typically 3-lobed, hirsute, to +6cm long, +4cm broad. Petioles winged, short. Lobes typically of 2 lateral and one larger terminal, often divided again, serrate-dentate.
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate spikes to 15cm long (tall), elongating in fruit. Flowers subtended by lance-oblong bracts. Bracts to +/-2cm long, 4mm broad, hirsute. Axis (stem) hirsute.
Flowers - Corolla blue-purple, 5-lobed, salverform, zygomorphic, to 7mm long, 3mm broad at apex, sparse pubescent externally, pubescent internally. Lobes obtuse at apex. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate near base of corolla tube, included. Filaments short. Anthers yellow, .2mm long. Style short. Ovary of 2 carpels, 4-lobed. Calyx hirsute, 5-lobed. Tube to 3.5mm long. Lobes linear. Nutlets 4, surrounded by persistent calyx.
Flowering - April - October. Habitat - Disturbed sites, waste ground, pastures, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - Fortunately, not much close dissection is needed to properly identify this species. The flower parts are very small but the plant can be easily identified by looking at the hirsute stems, flower spikes, and leaves, as well as the tiny flowers. This is somewhat of a pioneering species that is out-competed by larger plants. This species hybridizes with others of the genus and the resulting offspring have a tendency to morphologically resemble the other parent plants more so than V. bracteata.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Valerianaceae Stems - Multiple from the base, dichotomously branching, erect, to +20cm tall, herbaceous, from a single thin taproot and fibrous roots, retrorse pubescent, 4-angled. Internodes with shallow thin vertical grooves arising at the leaf bases.
Leaves - Basal leaves in a rosette, spatulate, to +8cm long, 2cm broad. entire, glabrous or with very sparse appressed pubescence, rounded at the apex. Cauline leaves opposite, sessile, lanceolate to lance-oblong, reduced upward, rounded at the apex, entire or with a few coarse basal teeth, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Terminal involucrate cymose clusters of flowers. Bracts of the involucre glabrous but strigose-ciliate on the apical margins, often reddish on the apical margins in strong sun, oblong, quite small in flower but quickly expanding to +/-3mm long, 1-1.5mm broad, 2 per each flower. Flowers sessile. Flowers - Corolla light blue (typically) to whitish, funnelform, glabrous, 5-lobed. Corolla tube to 1mm long. Lobes spreading, rounded at the apex, .75mm long, .6mm broad. Stamens 2-3, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, included to slightly exserted. Filaments glabrous, .8mm long, translucent-blue. Ovary inferior, 3-locular, green, expanded at the apex on one side, very sparse pubescent in flower, 1mm long in flower, quickly inflating in fruit to +2mm long.
Flowering - April - May. Habitat - Waste ground, disturbed areas, borders of fields, roadsides. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This little species has only been reported in a couple of southern Missouri counties. The plant is edible and is widely cultivated in Europe and elsewhere. It is not to common as a food crop in the United States. V. olitoria can be identified by its small size, small bluish flowers, opposite leaves, and retrorse pubescent stems. A synonym is V. locusta (L.) Laterr.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lamiaceae Stems - To 50cm tall, multiple from base, erect to ascending, herbaceous, branching, 4-angled. Entire plant covered with very dense grey lanate pubescence.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate below to subsessile above. Petiole to +8cm long. Blade elliptic to lanceolate, to +15cm long, +6cm broad, acute, tapering to base, crenate, margins slightly sinuous. Inflorescence - Terminal dense spikiform arrangement of verticillasters. Flowers sessile, subtended by reduced leaves(foliaceous bracts).
Flowers - Corolla purple with some mottling internally, bilabiate. Corolla tube 7-8mm long, pubescent externally. Upper lip single, shallowly 3-lobed to entire at apex, 5mm long, 4-5mm broad. Lower lip 3-lobed. Two lateral lobes shallow, much smaller than central lobe. Central lobe 6-8mm long, 5mm broad. Stamens 4, didynamous, slightly exserted from upper lip of corolla. Filaments adnate at apex of corolla tube, dense pubescent, purple. Anthers purple, 1.1mm broad. Style 8mm long, glabrous, white to lilac, slightly exserted. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary of 4 nutlets. Calyx tube to 8mm long, 5-lobed. Lobes subequal, acute, acuminate, to 2.5mm long, 2mm broad at base.
Flowering - July - September. Habitat - Cultivated and persisting around old homesites and vacant lots. Origin - Native to Eurasia. Other info. - This is an attractive perennial plant which is cultivated in our area. It is not officially recorded as escaped in our area but there are persistent patches of the plant in the Ozarks which are doing quite well. The soft pubescence and striking flowers make it an interesting garden plant. The flowers are also much liked by flying insects. Propagation is by division. The plant prefers full sun which is obvious from the protective layer of pubescence covering the entire plant.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lamiaceae Stems - To +20cm tall, multiple from base, simple, from fibrous roots, 4-angled, 1-3mm thick, densely glandular and simple pubescent to glabrous or sparse pubescent, herbaceous, erect.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, entire, ovate, to +/-1.5cm long, +/-8mm broad, densely glandular pubescent or sparsely pubescent. Margins sometimes revolute. Inflorescence - Paired axillary flowers. Pedicels 2-3mm long, hirsute.
Flowers - Corolla tubular, bilabiate, to 1cm long, externally pubescent. Lower lip +3mm broad, mottled with violet and white, larger than upper lip. Upper lip galeate. Stamens 4, didynamous, included within upper lip. Filaments to 3.5mm long, white, glabrous. Ovary 4-lobed. Calyx 2-lobed, with dorsal protuberance on upper lobe, densely glandular pubescent, 3.5mm long, accrescent.
Flowering - April - July. Habitat - Glades, open woods, prairies, bluffs. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a tiny plant which can be easily overlooked. The plant produces a "moniliform" rhizome, which means "constricted at regular intervals" (like a pearl necklace, for example). It sort of resembles roots infected with nematodes. The plant can be found in rocky open areas of the habitats mentioned above. Steyermark lists three varieties for the plant based on leaf, stem, and calyx pubescence and leaf morphology. I won't go into those here. In the same habitat as this plant you can usually find many a Centruroides scorpion: Fortunately, I like scorpions. I used to breed a few different species and donated part of my collection to a fellow named Kari McWest, so he could finish his graduate research. Kari - drop me a line.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lamiaceae Stems - To +/-1m tall, erect, herbaceous, 4-angled, densely pubescent(both glandular and regular hairs), multiple or single from base. branching above, rhizomatous, stoloniferous.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, decussate. Petiole hirsute, to 5cm long, with adaxial groove. Blade ovate, 10cm long, +/-7cm broad, acute, stellate and simple pubescent on both surfaces but more dense below, cordate at base, serrate-dentate.
Inflorescence - Terminal indeterminate racemes to 30cm long(tall). Flowers decussate, from axils of small bracts. Bracts acute, ovate, abruptly constricted to short(1.2mm) petiole, glandular pubescent, equaling or longer than calyx. Pedicels to 3mm long, densely glandular pubescent. Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, to +/-2cm long, glandular pubescent externally, white near base, purplish-blue above. Upper lip galeate, notched at apex, 4mm long. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lateral lobes 3mm long. Central lobe 1cm broad, 7-8mm long, with whitish center, somewhat deflexed. Stamens 4, didynamous, included under the galea. Filaments joined near apex of corolla throat(seemingly by interwoven hairs), purple and glabrous at apex. Anthers pale yellow to white, 1mm long. Style 2.3cm long, white, glabrous, inserted between stamens. Ovary 4-lobed, attached at base to a short gynophore. Calyx bilabiate, 4-5mm long, with dorsal protuberance, glandular pubescent. Tube to +/-2mm in diameter. Lips equal. Nutlets brownish-black, ovoid, papillate.
Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Rocky open woods, glades, rocky ledges, bluffs. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This is a common and very striking plant in Missouri. The multiple terminal racemes each with many bluish flowers make this plant more than worthy of cultivation. The plant is easily grown from seed but also readily propagates by stolons. It grows well in dry shaded areas. Steyermark breaks the species up into three varieties mostly based on leaf size but these varieties integrate and are hard to distinguish so I won't mention them here.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lamiaceae Stems - Erect to reclining, single or multiple from base, from fibrous roots, to 1m tall, branching, 4-angled, becoming purple in strong sun, hollow, glabrous to pubescent in inflorescence.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, decussate. Petioles to 1.5cm long, with a few sparse appressed hairs, with an adaxial groove, often purple in strong sun. Blades ovate, acute to acuminate, serrate to crenate-serrate, truncate to rounded at the base, to +2cm broad, +4cm long, mostly glabrous, light green below, dull green above. Veins impressed above, expressed below. Margins of serrations sparse antrorse strigillose.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary bracteate racemes to +10cm long. Flowers secund and paired. Pedicels -1mm long in flower, puberulent. Each pedicel subtended by a bract. Bracts reduced upward. Axis of raceme glabrous or with antrorse hairs on the angles. Flowers - Corolla to +7mm long, bilabiate, blue-purple (rarely white), pubescent externally. Lower lip single-lobed, rounded to emarginate at the apex, to 2.3mm broad, -2mm long. Upper lip shallowly 3-lobed. Lobes rounded. Central lobe slightly emarginate, shorter than lower lip, galeate. Stamens 4, didynamous, included, adnate in lower 2/3 of the corolla tube. Filaments white, sparsely pubescent, +/-3mm long. Anthers yellow, .4mm long. Style exserted between the upper pair of stamens, included under the galea, glabrous, translucent, +/-4.5mm long. Calyx bilabiate (each lip single-lobed and rounded), 2.2mm long in flower, accrescent, puberulent (sometimes glandular). Dorsal protuberance of calyx -1mm long and broad. Ovary 4-lobed, subtended by a disk-shaped nectary, .5mm broad in flower. Lobes of ovary in an "auditorium" fashion, with two lobes raised higher than the other two.
Flowering - June - October. Habitat - Wet areas. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This distinctive species can be found throughout Missouri. The plant is easy to ID while in flower because of its small paired flowers and habitat. Traditionally this species was widely used as a remedy for many ailments ranging from rabies to epilepsy. The plant does contain a flavinoid, Scutellarin, which is a proven sedative and antispasmodic.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lamiaceae Stems - 4-angled, erect, herbaceous but stout, to 1m tall, single or multiple from the base, mostly simple below the inflorescence, tomentoulose with antrorse hairs (especially on the angles), with a single groove between each angle. Angles rounded.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate. Petioles to +/-2.5cm long, with a fairly deep adaxial groove, tomentoulose, somewhat ascending or spreading. Blades ovate, to +/-10cm long, +/-6cm broad, crenate, acute at the apex, rounded to truncate or shallow cordate at the base, deep green with impressed veins adaxially, light green with expressed veins abaxially, sparse appressed pubescent adaxially, tomentoulose abaxially.
Inflorescence - Dense lateral and terminal racemes. Racemes ascending, to +/-14cm long. Axis of racemes 4-angled, green, densely tomentoulose (the hairs antrorsely bent). Pedicels to 3mm long, pubescent as the calyx and axis, subtended by reduced foliaceous bracts. Bracts on the lowest pair of flowers large but the others quickly reduced upward and ultimately becoming subulate-linear. Flowers - Corolla to +/-2.5cm long, zygomorphic, bilabiate, tomentoulose externally, much less so internally, whitish at the base, purple at the apex. Upper lip 3-lobed. Central lobe galeate. Lateral lobes acute, folded into the central lobe, creating a straight "hinge" along the lower lip of the corolla. Hinge to 1cm broad. Lower lip single-lobed, deep purple and with a white central splotch internally, white below, to 1cm long. Stamens 4, didynamous, included under the galea of the upper lip, adnate to the corolla tube near the "hinge" of the flower. Free portion of the filaments to +1cm long, white to lilac, pilose in the basal 1/2, glabrous apically. Anthers to 2mm long, purple when fresh, with a dorsal margin of dense pilose hairs. Style inserted between the stamens, included under the galea, whitish, glabrous, uncinate at the apex, to 2.5cm long. Ovary superior, deeply 4-lobed. Lobes globose, green, glabrous, .4mm in diameter in flower, arranged in an "auditorium seat" fashion with one pair of lobes higher than the other pair. All lobes resting on a large nectary. Nectary with whitish glands. Calyx green, bilabiate, 3-4mm long in flower, accrescent, densely antrorse appressed pubescent externally, glabrous internally, with a short dorsal protuberance. Lips of calyx entire, rounded at the apex, about 1.5mm long. Calyx tube to 3mm long in flower.
Flowering - June - September. Habitat - Rocky open woods, ledges along bluffs, ravines, wooded slopes along streams, thickets, roadsides. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This striking species is most commonly found in the southern half of the state. The plant produces bigger and more dense inflorescences than any other Scutellaria species in Missouri and is certainly worthy of cultivation.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lamiaceae Stems - Single from thickened roots, rhizomatous, 4-angled, purplish(at least at base), tomentoulose, to 1m tall, erect, herbaceous. Pith white. Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate. Petioles tomentoulose, (at least the lowest with glandular hairs also), to +/-1.5cm long, with an adaxial groove. Blades ovate to ovate-elliptic, crenate-serrate, truncate to abruptly cuneate at base, acute, to +/-9cm long, +/-4.5cm broad, mostly glabrous and deep green above, pubescent and silvery-green abaxially, sparse glandular punctate on both surfaces. Margins ciliate (ciliolate).
Inflorescence - Terminal bracteate raceme to +/-7cm long(tall). Axis tomentoulose. Pedicels glandular tomentose, 2-3mm long, purplish, with two minute, (to 1mm long and linear), bracts attached near base. Bracts subtending pedicels foliaceous but reduced, to 1cm long.
Flowers - Corolla purplish, bilabiate, to 2.5cm long, glandular pubescent externally, sparse glandular pubescent internally. Upper lip 3-lobed. Central lobe galeate, 5-6mm long. Lateral lobes rounded and much shorter than the central lobe. Lower lip single-lobed, purple, 7-8mm long, 8mm broad, often folded downward, with a white splotch near the base internally. Stamens 4, adnate near the middle of the corolla tube, included, didynamous. Filaments white, mostly glabrous but with some glandular hairs. Anthers 1.5mm long, pubescent, yellowish-purple. Style inserted between the stamens, white, glabrous, to 2.4cm long. Ovary superior, 4-lobed, with two lobes raised slightly higher than the other two, to 1.5mm tall. Lobes and base of ovary yellowish, white whitish glands. Often only one lobe expanding and forming a tuberculate nutlet in fruit. Calyx light green, tomentose and glandular pubescent, accrescent, to 4mm long in flower, lobes converging and enclosing the seeds in fruit. Dorsal protuberance 2.2mm broad, -1mm tall (in flower).
Flowering - May - July. Habitat - Dry rocky woods, bluffs, wooded slopes. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This striking species is found in the Ozark region of Missouri. This species resembles another, S. incana Biehler, but the former has glandular pubescence on the calyx and the lower petioles, S. incana does not. Other than those characteristics, the two species are nearly identical. All of the members of this genus found in Missouri are worthy of cultivation and grow well from seed. Although the genus Scutellaria belongs to the same family as the mints, none of the plants have a minty fragrance.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lamiaceae Stems - To 30cm tall, erect, simple, multiple from base, typically reddish at the base, 4-angled, with glandular pubescence and antrorse pubescence, herbaceous.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile, oblong, entire, rounded at the apex, glandular punctate above, antrorse pubescent and glandular pubescent below, with a few visible alternate lateral veins below, +/-3cm long, +/-6mm broad, typically erect and somewhat parallel to axis.
Inflorescence - Single or paired axillary flowers. Pedicels erect, 3-4mm long in flower, longer in fruit, antrorse pubescent and glandular. Pedicels typically with two minute opposite linear bracts at the base. Bracts to -1mm long. Flowers - Corolla deep blue-purple above, lighter purple below, to 2cm long, bilabiate, glandular pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Upper lip with a galeate central lobe. The galea to 6mm long. Lateral lobes to 3mm long and rounded. Lower lip single-lobed, deep purple internally with white splotches at the center, notched at the apex, +/-1cm long and broad, glabrous internally. Stamens 4, didynamous, included under the galea, adnate to corolla tube. Filaments glabrous, lilac, to +1cm long. Anthers purple, 1mm broad. Style glabrous, translucent, inserted between stamens, 2.3cm long. Ovary deeply four-parted. Lobes rounded, pubescent, light green, subtended by distinct white glands, with two lobes raised higher than the other two. Calyx with dorsal protuberance, glandular, antrorse pubescent, +/-3mm long in flower, accrescent, shallowly bilabiate. Protuberance to 3mm broad in flower, greatly expanding in fruit to +5mm broad. Lips of calyx single, rounded, converging in fruit and enclosing fruits.
Flowering - May - June. Habitat - Limestone glades and bald knobs. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little species is a characteristic plant of glades in the heart of the Ozarks. It is only found in the central portion of the Ozarks but is quite common in the habitats mentioned above. This is an easy species to ID in the field because of its oblong rounded leaves, brilliant flowers, and habitat.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lamiaceae Stems - Multiple from the base, erect to ascending, from fibrous roots, 4-angled, typically purple at the base and nodes, glabrous, branching, to +/-15cm tall, herbaceous, glandular punctate (use a lens to see). Entire plant has a strong mint fragrance.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile, linear to linear-spatulate, to 1.5cm long, 3mm broad, entire, glabrous, rounded to subacute at the apex, densely glandular punctate on both surfaces. Inflorescence - Single axillary flowers. Pedicels to +/-5mm long, glabrous.
Flowers - Corolla purplish (very rarely all white), bilabiate, 1.2cm long, pubescent externally, contracted and brown at the base in the calyx-covered portion. Upper lip single-lobed. The lobe deflexed, 3-4mm broad, 2-3mm long, emarginate. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes rounded, 2mm long and broad. The center lobe slightly larger than the laterals. Stamens 4, didynamous, 2 attached in the basal 1/4 of the corolla tube, 2 attached in the apical 1/4 of the corolla tube and slightly exserted. Filaments whitish and glabrous, to +3mm long. Anthers lilac, bilobed, 1mm long. Style white (lilac at the apex), glabrous, to 1cm long. Stigma unequally 2-lobed. Ovary green, glabrous, deeply 4-parted, .5mm long. Calyx bilabiate. Calyx tube to 4mm long, glandular punctate, with 13 ribs, greenish-purple. Upper lip 3-lobed. Lobes acuminate, 1.1-1.2mm long. Lower lip 2-lobed, lobes equal or slightly longer than upper lobes, acuminate. Calyx with a ring of floccose hairs at the summit of the tube internally.
Flowering - May - October. Habitat - Limestone glades and knobs, rocky open ground, wet meadows along spring branches, gravel bars, bluffs escarpments. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This little species is very common in the Ozarks of Missouri. The plant is more often smelled than seen. Plant hunters strolling through the glades of Missouri often step on the plant releasing a very strong mint flavor into the air. The smell is unmistakable. Because the plant has thin stems and thin leaves it often gets overlooked until that smell fills the air. Chewing on the plant gives you fresh breath that will last for hours.
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