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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Polemoniaceae Stems - Multiple from base, erect or ascending to decumbent, often rooting at lower nodes, branching, villous, herbaceous, terete.
Leaves - Opposite, linear to linear-lanceolate, entire, sessile, acute, mucronate, -3cm long, 2-3mm broad, pubescent on new growth but becoming glabrous, with single midrib.
Inflorescence - Terminal and axillary single flowers. Pedicels villous, 2-5mm long in flower, elongating in fruit to +1.5cm, erect. Flowers - Corolla salverform, 5-lobed, typically some shade of blue to white. Corolla tube 1cm long, glabrous. Lobes +1cm long, deeply notched at apex, glabrous, with darker spots of color at base. Stamens 5, adnate at different levels in corolla tube, included. Anthers 2mm long, orange. Ovary ovoid, superior, green, glabrous, 1.2mm long, 3-locular. Placentation axile. Style greenish-white, 5.5mm long, glabrous. Stigmas 3. Calyx villous, 5-lobed (toothed), 8mm long. Lobes joined in lower 1/2 by scarious tissue, attenuate.
Flowering - March - May. Habitat - Rocky and dry open woods, slopes, ravines, rocky outcroppings. Also widely cultivated. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This striking plant can be found growing wild in just a handful of Missouri counties. Wild plants are typically scraggly and thin because of the tough growing conditions the plant accepts. Cultivated plants are much more full-bodied and colorful and can form large mats when left alone. The pictures below are of cultivated specimens
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Polemoniaceae Stems - To -1m tall, erect, herbaceous, perennial, from a small woody caudex and slightly thickened roots, terete, glabrescent basally, densely glandular pubescent apically, simple, one or two from base, with 6-15 nodes per stem. Some of the hairs along the length of the stem stellate also.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, sessile or short petiolate (the petioles obscured by decurrent leaf tissue), to +/-10cm long, +/-5cm broad, ovate to lanceolate, entire, acute to acuminate, pubescent and slightly scabrous adaxially, villosuous abaxially, dark green adaxially, light green abaxially. Veins of the leaf impressed adaxially, expressed abaxially, anastomosing.
Inflorescence - Terminal and lateral cymes from the upper leaf axils, to +/-10cm long (tall). Each division of cyme subtended by a pair of linear bracts. Bracts reduced upward. Branches of inflorescence and bracts densely glandular pubescent. Pedicels to 5mm long. Flowers - Corolla lilac to pinkish, 5-lobed, glabrous. Tube to +3cm long. Lobes spreading, obovate, blunt at the apex, to 1cm long and broad. Stamens 5, included. Anthers yellow-orange, 3mm long, 1mm broad. Ovary superior, green, ovoid, 1.5-2mm long in flower, 1mm in diameter. Calyx densely glandular pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Calyx tube to 4-5mm long in flower, 5-lobed. Lobes attenuate, 3-4mm long, connected at the base by scarious tissue and helping to form the calyx tube.
Flowering - May - August. Habitat - Rich, rocky, or alluvial woods, slopes along streams. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This striking species is fairly uncommon in Missouri. It is found in just a handful of counties in the Ozarks. P. amplifolia can be identified by its long corolla tubes, its broad, pubescent leaves, and its pubescent stems. This species is a perennial and would make a good garden subject if the right conditions were provided.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lamiaceae Stems - To -2m tall, herbaceous, erect, 4-angled(the angles rounded), multiple from base, branching above, very mealy due to dense stellate scales. Fragrant if crushed.
Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate below, sessile above, pinnatifid to bipinnatifid, ovate to broadly lanceolate in outline, to 10cm long, +4cm broad, glandular, mealy with minute stellate scales(more so below). Blade tissue tapering to base of petiole(cuneate).
Inflorescence - Terminal dichotomously branching paniculiform arrangement of long spikes. Verticillasters evenly spaced, +/-8 flowers per node. Flowers on short pedicels to 1.5mm long. Pedicels lanate, purple. Flowers - Corolla bilabiate. Lips blue-purple. Upper lip 4-lobed, 7-8mm broad, 5mm long, with short branching pubescence externally, whitish at throat with violet lines. Lobes rounded, two lateral lobes longer than two central lobes. Lower lip single, 5mm long, 3.5-4mm broad, short branching pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Corolla tube 6mm long, blue-purple, typically glabrous but also pubescent near apex. Stamens 2, adnate near apex of corolla tube. Filaments lilac, 1.5mm long. Anthers purplish, .8mm broad. Nectaries at base of filaments. Style 1, 1.2cm long, glabrous, lilac, exserted. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary of 4 nutlets. Nutlets glabrous, green-purple, .5mm long(in flower). Calyx tube lanate with branching pubescence, 5mm long, bilabiate, purplish, 8-nerved, glabrous and green internally.
Flowering - June - September. Habitat - Cultivated but prefers dry soils. Origin - Native to Eurasia. Other info. - This is a very popular plant in cultivation because it is very showy and tolerates neglect and dry soils. There are many cultivars of the plant which vary mainly in size. The blue-purple flowers are a big favorite of insects, especially bees. The light color of the corolla throat is like a runway for insects, guiding them to the pollen of the plant and the nectar at the base of the floral tube.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Scrophulariaceae Stems - Single or multiple from the base, erect, herbaceous, to +70cm tall, terete, densely puberulent below, densely glandular puberulent above, mostly simple but branching in the inflorescence, light green.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, many on the stem, the lower leaves spatulate, upper leaves ovate, serrate, shiny dark green above, dull shiny green below, sparse puberulent above, more so below. Leaves abruptly reduced in the inflorescence (bracts). Lowest leaves to 15cm long, 3cm broad. Upper leaves 5-6cm broad and shorter.
Inflorescence - Axillary cymes in the upper leaf axils. Each division of the cymes subtended by a reduced ovate-lanceolate bract. Bracts densely glandular pubescent. Peduncles densely glandular pubescent. Pedicels glandular pubescent, 3-5mm long. Flowers - Corolla purple, glandular pubescent externally, abruptly contracted at the base for about 1.5cm. Corolla tube +/-4cm long, 5-lobed at the apex. Lobes rounded, 2 upper and 3 lower, to 1.5cm long and broad. Corolla with darker purple stripes internally and some white at the throat on the lower 3 lobes. Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate at the base of the corolla tube, curved, resting against the upper portion of the corolla tube, included. Filaments white, +3.5cm long, glabrous. Anthers purplish (pale), 2-lobed, +4mm long, 3mm broad. Staminode 1, exserted past the stamens to the throat of the corolla tube, white, adnate at the apex of the apex of the contracted portion of the corolla tube on the dorsal portion, 3cm long, with long sub-retrorse hairs. Hairs of the staminode brown near the base of the staminode and white near its apex, glandular, 2-4mm long. Pistil 1, white, glabrous, +3cm long, thin, resting against the upper portion of the corolla tube and curved downward. Ovary green, glabrous, ovoid, +/-4mm long, +2mm in diameter. Calyx green, densely glandular puberulent, 5-lobed, the tube 2mm long. Lobes 1.1cm long, 5mm broad, acute, glabrous internally, oblong, green. Calyx lobes slightly overlapping.
Flowering - April - June. Habitat - Limestone glades, bald knobs, limestone mounds, cultivated. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This striking species can be found growing wild in just a small handful of south-central Missouri counties. The plant is, however, widely cultivated and can be found throughout the state in gardens and landscapes. The big purple flowers are hard to miss. This species does well in a garden setting but apparently does not like much competition.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Scrophulariaceae Stems - To +1m tall, erect, from fibrous roots, also producing rhizomes, glabrous, hollow, multiple from base or single, simple to sparsely branching, winged on opposing sides of stem, 4-angled.
Leaves - Opposite, sessile, clasping(sometimes narrowed to base and not clasping), auriculate, lanceolate to narrowly oblong, glabrous, serrate, acute, to 10cm long, +2cm broad. Auricles rounded.
Inflorescence - Single pedicillate flowers from leaf axils. Pedicels to 3cm long, glabrous. Flowers - Corolla purple with yellowish center, to +2.5cm long, bilabiate. Corolla tube 1.8cm long, glandular pubescent above, white at base. Upper lip of corolla smaller and erect, 2-lobed, 1cm broad, 8mm tall, glandular pubescent externally. Lower lip larger, spreading, 3-lobed. Lateral lobes 1.5cm broad. Central lobe 1.1cm broad, with a bearded yellow "palate" that blocks the throat of the corolla tube. Stamens 4, didynamous, included. Filaments white, glabrous, adnate at middle of corolla tube. Anthers 2mm broad. Style 1.3cm long, white, glabrous. Stigma flattened, suborbicular. Ovary superior, green, glabrous, conic, 5mm long, 2mm in diameter, 2-locular. Placentation axile. Ovules many. Calyx tubular, to +1.5cm long, 5-angled, glabrous. Lobes linear-attenuate, scabrous on margins. Fruit an ovoid capsule to +/-1cm long, glabrous.
Flowering - June - September. Habitat - Streambanks, lake margins, wet meadows. Often growing partially submerged. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This plant is very easy to identify in the wild due to its distinct flower, square stems, and choice of habitat. It is common in the wild and is even working its way into cultivation along with other species of the genus. Steyermark splits the species into two varieties. Variety ringens has leaves which clasp the stem. A second variety, variety minthodes (Greene) Grant, has leaves which taper to the base and do not clasp. Both are common.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Scrophulariaceae Stems - To +/-70cm tall, erect, branching above or simple, 4-angled, glabrous, hollow, from thick rhizomes, herbaceous. Angles winged. Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate. Petiole to 1cm long, with a small wing adaxially. Blade to -10cm long, +3cm broad, lanceolate to lance-ovate, acuminate, shallow serrate to crenate-serrate, glabrous.
Inflorescence - Single flowers from leaf axils. Pedicles 5mm in flower, slightly longer in fruit. Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, purple. Corolla tube to 1.5cm long, glandular pubescent near apex, glabrous below. Upper lip erect to reflexed, 2-lobed. Lobes glandular pubescent externally. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes spreading, glandular pubescent internally and externally., subequal, rounded to obtuse. Central lobe yellow-bearded at base(apex of throat). Stamens 4, didynamous, adnate at base of corolla tube, included.
Filaments white glabrous, 6-7mm long. Anthers brownish, 1.3mm broad. Style included, white, glabrous, 7mm long. Stigmas 2, flattened. Ovary 2-locular, light green, glabrous, 6mm long, ovoid-conic. Placentation axile. Calyx tube to 1.7cm long, 5-ribbed, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes 2mm long, mucronate. Capsule to +1cm long, many seeded, glabrous.
Flowering - June - September. Habitat - Stream borders, low wet woods, wet meadows, ditches, springs. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - Plants of this genus are easy to ID in the field because of their large, showy, irregular flowers. The yellow beard on the corolla serves as a guide to bring insects to the flower and the lobes of the flower serve as landing platforms. A white flowered form of this species, form albiflorus House, has been found in a few counties in the state. The typical flower color is shown above, and these plants are form alatus.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lamiaceae Stems - Multiple from the base, from fibrous roots, erect, branching, herbaceous, rotting at the nodes, 4-angled (the angles rounded), glabrous, to +1m tall, fragrant. Leaves - Opposite, decussate, petiolate. Petioles to 1.5cm long, glabrous to sparse pubescent, minutely winged from decurrent leaf tissue. Blades to 9cm long, -4cm broad, glabrous but with some pubescence on midrib below, rounded at the base to slightly tapering, elliptic lanceolate, serrate, acute, punctate. Veins anastomosing, depressed adaxially, expressed abaxially.
Inflorescence - Terminal spikiform cluster of axillary verticels. Each axillary cluster with +/-20 flowers. Clusters subtended by lobed bracts which often exceed the clusters. Pedicels purple, glandular, to 2mm long.
Flowers - Corolla lilac, glabrous internally and externally, 4-lobed (weakly bilabiate), to -4mm long. Lobes subequal, rounded at the apex, +1mm long. Upper lobe notched at the apex and slightly larger than the 3 lower lobes. Stamens 4, adnate at the apex of the corolla tube, alternating with the corolla lobes, included. Filaments white, .5mm long. Anthers orange, .4mm long. Ovary superior, deeply 4-lobed, glabrous, green, .6mm broad, subtended by a thick green nectary. Style white, glabrous, -5mm long, exserted. Stigma 2-lobed. Calyx tubular, often purplish, glabrous internally, glandular externally, 10-ribbed, 5-lobed, the tube to 2mm long. Lobes to 1mm long, triangular-attenuate, ciliate-margined. The sinuses between the lobes rounded.
Flowering - June - October. Habitat - Wet ground of meadows, spring branches, streams, pond margins, sloughs, ditches, roadsides, railroads. Origin - Native to Europe. Other info. - This weedy species is the common "Peppermint" of flavorings. The plant can be found scattered throughout Missouri and is fairly common. It is always associated with wet conditions. The plant has a variety of culinary uses which need not be mentioned here. Menthol, derived from the plants oil, is used in many pharmaceuticals. M. piperita and the closely related M. spicata L., (Spearmint) grow well from seed and can be cultivated easily. M. spicata is very similar but has sessile to very short petiolate leaves.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Lamiaceae Stems - To 80cm tall, herbaceous, 4-angled, typically retrorse strigose above and glabrous below, simple to branching, erect, from fibrous roots, often with adventitious roots from lower nodes, hollow. Leaves - Opposite, petiolate, decussate. Petiole to 2cm long, glabrous. Blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, to +10cm long, 4cm wide, glabrous above, sparsely pubescent below, punctate, serrate to sub-entire, acute.
Inflorescence - Axillary verticillasters near apex of stems. Each verticillaster composed of two axillary pedunculate cymules of +/-20 flowers each. Peduncles 2mm long. Pedicels 1.5mm long, purplish. Cymules subtended by pair of attenuate bracts. Bracts pubescent, to 5mm long.
Flowers - Corolla lavender-purple to whitish, bilabiate(but appearing nearly regular), to +5mm long, glabrous. Corolla tube to 3.5mm long, pubescent. Upper lip single-lobed. Lobe notched at apex, 1.4mm long, pubescent externally. Lower lip 3-lobed. Lobes subequal(central lobe slightly larger), to 1.1mm long, pubescent externally, purple spotted internally. Stamens 4, exserted. Filaments to 1.7mm long, glabrous, pinkish-white. Anthers purple, .3mm long. Style exserted, lilac, 3mm long, glabrous. Stigma 2-lobed. Ovary deeply 4-parted, glabrous, green. Calyx tube to 1.5mm long, pubescent, cylindric, 5-lobed. Lobes .5mm long, acute, with ciliate margins, equal. Nutlets to 1.3mm long, glabrous, tannish.
Flowering - June - October. Habitat - Moist to wet ground. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - The pubescence of the leaves and stems is variable and some authors, Steyermark included, like to separate the species into different varieties and forms. These varieties integrate and are sometimes difficult to tell apart so they will not be mentioned here. This is the only native species of Mentha found in the U.S., the rest are all introduced. This plant is very common and quite tasty in tea, desserts, and other recipes.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Scrophulariaceae Stems - To +25cm long, decumbent to repent, sparse strigose, green or reddish in strong sun, terete, multiple from base, mostly simple. Leaves - Opposite, petiolate below, sessile above, spatulate, coarse serrate, rounded to subacute at apex, reduced upward, to +/-5cm long, +/-2cm broad, glabrous but ciliate on the margins at the base.
Inflorescence - Long terminal raceme making up most of the stems. Pedicels to 1-5mm long in flower, quickly elongating in fruit to 1cm, mostly glabrous but glandular-strigose on the adaxial surface in one line, expanded near the apex. Each pedicel subtended by a small subulate bract. Bracts to 2-3mm long, scarious in the apical half. Flowers - Corolla bilabiate, lilac, white, and yellow, 1-1.4cm long, 7-10mm broad, glandular externally, the tube glabrous internally. Upper lip one-lobed, +/-3mm long, 2-3mm broad, tapering at the apex. Lower lip 3-lobed. The lobes rounded. The lateral lobes more broad than the central, whitish-lilac, glabrous internally, 3-4mm long and broad. Central lobe +/-2mm long, thinner than the lateral lobes. Throat of corolla white and yellow spotted, with two pouch-like protrusions. Protrusions bearded with clavate trichomes. Stamens in two pairs, included, adnate near the middle of the corolla tube, each pair converging and the anthers connate. Filaments curved, white, glabrous, +/-4mm long. Anthers yellow, 1mm broad. Style lilac, 6mm long, glabrous. Stigma compressed. Ovary superior, globose, 1.1mm long in flower, purple in the apical half, 2-locular. Placentation axile. Calyx accrescent, quickly expanding in fruit. Calyx tube 1-3mm long in flower, strigose on the veins, 5-lobed. Lobes to 3mm long in flower, subulate, strigose on the midveins, acute. Seeds many, minute, brownish, .4mm long, .2mm broad.
Flowering - July - October. Habitat - Grassy open lawns, roadsides, cultivated fields. Origin - Native to eastern Asia. Other info. - This little introduced species is rare in Missouri but will most certainly spread with time. The small flowers are quite striking and the plant is sometimes grown as a rock garden ornamental. It grows easily from seed and many seeds are produced with each fruit. Many flying insects are attracted to the flowers.
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Dummer. ゛☀
2017年07月27日
Dummer. ゛☀
Family - Asclepiadaceae Stems - Trailing and vining, herbaceous, with milky sap, scabrous, pubescent, branching, multiple from a thickened crown.
Leaves - Opposite, petiolate. Petioles to +/-5cm long, scabrous from papillose-hispid hairs, also with minute hispidulous hairs, with many reddish glands (use a lens to see). Blade to +/-14cm in diameter, pubescent above and below, with hispidulous margins, cordate, rotund, acute, entire.
Inflorescence - Axillary umbellate cymes on short peduncles. Peduncles to +/-3cm long, hispidulous and glandular. Pedicels to 1.4cm long, hispidulous and glandular, typically with a purplish tinge. Flowers typically +/-25 per cyme. Flowers - Corolla deep purple, 5-lobed, to 1.5cm long and broad. Corolla tube to 3mm long. Lobes to 1.5cm long, 3-5mm broad, curling, pubescent externally, glabrous internally. Corona 3mm in diameter, glabrous, 5-lobed. Lobes with two appendages to -2mm long. Anther head 2mm in diameter. Pistils 2, tuberculate, light green, -2mm long in flower. Calyx pubescent, purplish-green, 5-lobed. Tube -1mm long. Lobes to 2mm long, acute, entire. Fruits to +10cm long, tuberculate, pubescent. Seeds with a white coma to +3cm long.
Flowering - May - June. Habitat - Rocky open woods, bases of bluffs, glades, thickets, streambanks. Origin - Native to U.S. Other info. - This striking plant is common throughout the Ozark region of Missouri. The flowering time for the plant is short but the plant still deserves more attention in cultivation.
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