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Miss Chen
2017年08月08日
Miss Chen

As with all other plants, cacti require water and nutrients, taken in by the roots, in order to grow. This means that although cacti usually grow only in dry soils, they can also be grown hydroponically. Unlike many plants grown in water, cacti do not require the use of an active hydroponic system with a pump. The roots need only soak in the water and nutrient combination. This method offers several advantages over traditional soil growing. Nutrient and water levels can be controlled more precisely, contributing to greater vigor and health for the plant. Additionally, once the hydroponic system has been set up, taking care of the cactus requires much less effort than in other methods. Step 1 Rinse the aggregate material and soak it in water for several hours. Step 2 Place the mesh inner pot inside the outer pot. Cover the bottom of the inner pot with an inch of the aggregate. Step 3 Remove the cactus from the soil and rinse the roots until all the soil has been removed. This will prevent the potential problems that can come with soil — such as fungus or parasite growth — from occurring. Be careful not to damage the roots. Step 4 Place the cactus on top of the initial layer of aggregate material. Spread the roots evenly around in the space available. Fill the pot with the remaining aggregate. Try not to cover up the part of the cactus with spines, but make sure that enough material is in place to keep the plant stable. It should be grounded firmly, with no risk of falling to the side.
Step 5 Mix standard A- and B-type nutrient solutions with water to the level of concentration recommended by the solutions' packaging. Fill the pot or tray with enough of this nutrient and water mix to cover the roots. Avoid putting in enough water to soak the stem of the cactus; doing so will cause the plant to rot. Step 6 Remove the plant approximately every two weeks and wash the roots, making sure to wash away any dead or decaying roots. Wash the stem of the cactus as well to remove dust. Change the nutrient solution completely once every one to two months. Step 7 Place the cactus in a new pot once its roots have filled the inner container. This will probably occur once every two to three years. There is no need to repot the plant unless this occurs.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月08日
Miss Chen

The dragon fruit is a cactus known for its sweet, custard-like fruit and crunchy seeds. The dragon fruit name refers to both the fruit and the plant. The plant also goes by other names such as pitaya and strawberry pear. The plant blooms only at night and is pollinated by bats and moths. USDA Hardiness Zones Dragon fruit grow well in tropical and subtropical climates, USDA hardiness zones 10 and 11, but grow outdoors in zone 9 with protection during occasional freezing weather. They do not rely on climatic conditions for ripening, so they can be grown in other areas in greenhouses or with protection from the cold. They are currently grown in tropical and subtropical areas of the United States, including South Florida, California and Hawaii. Heat Tolerance Dragon fruit grow well in warm weather, but are vulnerable to extreme heat and sun. Ideal temperatures for growth are between 65 degrees and 77 degrees Fahrenheit. Temperatures over 100 degrees are excessive and damage the plant. Dragon fruit like full sun, but they do fine with some shade. Extreme sun combined with low humidity or high altitude can sunburn the stems and cause severe damage, especially when the plants are young. Protect the plants with 30 percent shading during the first three or four months. Cold Tolerance Dragon fruit quickly recover from a light frost, but sustained freezing temperatures damage the plant. The fruit are susceptible to chilling injury below 40 degrees.
Soil Preferences Dragon fruit are moderately to highly tolerant of salt in the soil. They prefer a rich, mildly acidic to neutral soil, pH 6.1 to 7.5. Wind and Rain Dragon fruit need support for their heavy stems. They can be damaged by strong wind conditions that compromise the support structure. They need 25 to 50 inches of rain or irrigation each year, with irrigation twice a week during fruiting. They are prone to flower drop and root rot in excessively wet conditions.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月08日
Miss Chen

Cacti are fleshy, succulent plants that mostly come from the American continent. They store water in their stems that they use sparingly, and therefore, rarely need watering. They acquire water from their extensive, fibrous root systems that draw moisture from the soil through exceptional suction pressure. Cacti are flowering plants that differ greatly in shape and size. Spines, which are cacti's most notable feature, also vary greatly, with some species have long, brightly colored spines and others having short, sparse spines. Rainforest Cacti While the majority of cactus species are found in the hot, arid desert, a few species exist in rainforests. Orchid cacti have flat stems that resemble leaves and big bright flowers that vary in color. Holiday cacti bloom small flowers from long branching stems at Easter, Thanksgiving and Christmas. Rainforest cacti prefer cooler, shadier, wetter conditions than desert cacti. Prickly Pear Cacti Prickly pear cacti encompasses the largest genus with over 300 species growing in a wide range of regions from Canada to Argentina. They have flat, paddle-like stems with spines that can be short or long. Prickly pear cacti flower in a variety of colors that are large and wide and bear edible fruits. Light, nutrient-rich soil keeps prickly pear cacti happy, as well as a bright, warm area.
Columnar Cacti Columnar cacti have tall, narrow, cylindrical-shaped stems with vertical ribs. Spike density, size and flowering varies with each species. As with other arid cacti, columnar cacti prefer dry, warm, bright conditions and little moisture. Barrel Cacti Barrel cacti are cylindrical, resembling the shape of barrels native to the American Southwest and high limestone altitudes of Mexico. They have strong, colorful, showy spines and flowers, and can grow up to 10 feet tall. They prefer loamy, slightly acidic soil and a warm sunny location. Barrel cacti also grow very slow and don't need much fertilizing. Hedgehog Cacti Hedgehog cacti get their name from their globular shapes that are densely covered in spines that make them resemble hedgehogs. Native to Mexico and the southwestern U.S., they have cup-shaped flowers that, unlike other cacti, don't close up at night. Hedgehog cacti like sunny, warm areas and are sensitive to moisture and should only be watered from the bottom. Pincushion Cacti The majority of pincushion cacti are found in Mexico, but also grow in other parts of Central America and areas of the U.S. This small, ball-like cactus puts on a magnificent display of star-shaped flowers and has a thick coat of spines. Pincushion cacti are tolerant of a variety of different soils and prefer dry conditions.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月08日
Miss Chen

A cactus that has been growing upright but is now leaning like the Tower of Pisa should be a concern for the gardener. The plant may be perfectly healthy, or it may be sick. Careful observations can help determine why the plant is leaning. If a problem is detected early, solutions are available that will save the cactus. Sunlight Even if your cactus is planted in full sun, it may lean. Plants naturally grow toward the sunlight. The barrel cactus grows southward toward the sun so much that it practically lies over on one side. If the cactus is otherwise healthy, this is not a danger. However, if a cactus planted in partial shade is leaning, it may need more sunlight. A cactus in this condition will look sickly and have weak, flimsy stems that are yellow-green. The plant should gradually be exposed to stronger sunlight to prevent sunburn. Improper Planting If the cactus is leaning from the ground, it may be loosely planted in the soil. Improper watering may be the reason. After watering a cactus, the soil must be allowed to completely dry out before watering again. Watering too frequently prevents the soil from hardening around the base of the cactus and causes the soil to loosen. Provided there is no root rot, either transplanting the cactus in dry soil or packing more dirt around it is a solution. Also, adding a layer of small rocks or gravel on the surface can stabilize the cactus.
Rot Rot is caused from fungi and bacteria growing on the plant. The most common reason for rot is watering the cactus too often. The infected spot will have a watery, slimy, black appearance. Rot begins at the base of the cactus and works its way to the top. Rotting plants start to lean, then collapse and die. If rot is detected early, dig up the cactus and replant it in dry soil. Otherwise, remove the cactus from the soil, and cut the healthy top away from the diseased part. Allow the top to dry, and dust the cut surface with a fungicide before replanting it in sandy soil. Insects Insects eating the stem of the cactus can weaken the plant and cause it to lean. A plant infested with mealy bugs will stop growing and take on a sickly, deformed appearance. Mealy bugs should be removed with tweezers or a cotton swab dipped in alcohol. Ants nesting at the base of the cactus eat away at the stem causing it to lean and eventually fall over. Wash away the ants with a strong, lukewarm stream of water. A cactus weakened by insects may develop fungi and rot and will die if not treated.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月08日
Miss Chen

Cactus plants are adapted to drought and extreme temperatures. One of the adaptations that allows them to survive their native desert conditions is slow growth. Saguaro cacti, for example, grow only 1 inch in the first eight years of life. These massive plants are usually 35 years old before they produce flowers, and at least 75 years old before they produce side arms. Seed Growing cactus from seed is an exercise in patience since the seeds may take up to a year to germinate. Once the seeds begin growing, it may be at least two or three years before the plant flowers. Sow the seeds in a sandy potting mix and keep the soil at 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Cover the seed tray with plastic wrap to conserve moisture and warmth. Keep them in the starting tray until the plant stands 2 to 4 inches high, which may take up to two years. Nursery Plants Many nurseries and garden centers sell small cacti as houseplants. These plants grow very slowly and can remain in the same pot for two or three years. The plants grow during the spring and summer, followed by a dormant period in the fall and winter.
Care To encourage reasonable growth, plant your cactus in a shallow pot with a coarse sand and soil mixture or a potting mix made specifically for cacti. Place the cactus outdoors in full sun during the summer, but bring it indoors in the winter. Water it every two weeks or so during hot weather. Provide water in the winter every three to four weeks. Cacti are prone to root rots and fungal diseases in damp conditions. Gradually move the plant each spring and fall to help it acclimate to its new surroundings. Moving it abruptly outdoors after a winter inside may scorch the plant. Variety Cacti vary in their growth rate, depending on the species. Try Christmas cactus, golden barrel or fire barrel cactus as houseplants. Other succulent plants that are often classified as a cactus, such as aloe, agave and sedums, may grow more quickly.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月08日
Miss Chen
The jumping cholla cactus (Opuntia fulgida) gets its name from spiny segments that detach so easily they seem to attack anyone near them. This plant can go beyond painful contact in a garden or on a hiking trail and become an aggressive menace. The jumping cholla grows in U.S. Department of
Agriculture plant hardiness zones zones 8b through 11. Jumping Cactus Basics The jumping cholla grows 8 to 10 feet tall in a tree shape and produces fuschia-colored blossoms in spring. It's also called chain fruit cholla, boxing glove cholla, velas de coyote, cholla brincadora and hanging chain cholla. This drought-tolerant cactus attracts birds, bees and butterflies. In addition to adding an authentic rustic desert texture and color to a yard, the spiny jumping cholla provides a formidable barrier, such as to deter a potential burglar from approaching an upstairs window. Yet the protective features of the jumping cholla mean you must take care to avoid accidental injury. The Better to Spike You With Natural health advocate Dr. Andrew Weil describes the jumping cholla as the most dangerous cactus where he lives near Tucson, Arizona. The jumping cholla is covered with sharp spines and masses of fine, irritating barbs, called glochids. When the spines touch skin or clothing, the segment comes off the plant. If a "boxing glove" from a cholla attaches to you, its large and fine spikes get into your skin. The reverse barbs make them difficult to remove.
Spiny Projectiles and Glochids Attempting to shake a jumping cholla segment off could cause it to hit your face, another person or a pet. Use a large comb or sticks to remove it. A strong wind may cause segments to fly and hit anyone nearby. A reflex to suck the painful glochids out of the skin can cause them to embed in the soft tissues of the mouth, tongue, throat and windpipe, and may be fatal, advises KCET. The Spiky Takeover Mesa, Arizona has a record of a massive growths of jumping cholla overrunning sidewalks, bus stops and cul de sacs, putting passersby, playing children and pets in danger. The city had to remove the menacing cactuses. Protect yourself if you have to handle this type of cactus. Wear reinforced work gloves, safety goggles, a hat, and heavy-duty, long-sleeve shirt and pants when you plant, transplant, take cuttings, harvest seeds or remove an invasive jumping cholla. If you need to handle it, do so with metal implements, such as barbecue tongs, whenever possible.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月08日
Miss Chen

Cactus plants are much more than just spine-covered desert plants. In reality, the cactus family incorporates a great variety of versatile and useful plants that are both attractive and easy to grow. In dry regions and drought-resistant gardens, cactus is ideal because it can store water on its own. Many cactus varieties display beautiful, exotic-looking flowers. With their many shapes and sizes, cacti serve well as ornamental and landscape plants without requiring much maintenance. Drought Resistance Cactus is one of the best choices for a drought-resistant garden in arid regions and can help gardeners and landscapers reduce water usage. Drought-resistant gardens are those designed to thrive even when rainfall is infrequent, and do not require irrigation. Cacti are succulents and can store water within their stems for use during periods of drought. The ease of growing cactus makes maintaining a landscape more feasible. Overwatering is one of the most common ways to kill a cactus. Water infrequently, especially during winter. Ornamental Flowers Despite their often intimidating and painful spines, cactus plants often produce some of the showiest flowers among plants. Plant flower-bearing cacti as ornamental additions both indoors or outdoors. The flowers tend to be limited in number but are often large, have numerous petals and come in various shapes. This is especially true of Epiphyllum, the orchid cactus, which grows flowers up to 8 inches in diameter that emit a strong fragrance. Soehrensia bruchii bears vivid red petals, while Trichocereus lamprochlorus explodes a large bloom in bright yellow.
Landscaping Plant cacti in a landscape function to add texture and shape to a yard, or to fill open spots with versatility and variety. Grow lithops if you need low-growing, small specimens. Lithops are called "living stones" or "flowering stones" because they mimic rocks. Other cacti serve well as potted plants, such as crassulas. Grow a taller cactus, such as Saguarop, to fill vertical space in a landscape. Depending on the variety, cacti may be round and small, or grow extremely large, and may be shade-loving or sun-loving plants. Food Certain varieties of cactus can also function as edible food crops. The Mexican dish "nopales" is made of young stems of the prickly pear cactus.The texture and flavor is comparable to green beans. The prickly pear's small leaves are also used as a crispy lettuce. Texas A&M Agrilife Extension recommends preparing nopales as follows: Remove thorns with a peeler or knife if they are present. Cut them into squares and boil with chopped onion, salt and soda until tender.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月08日
Miss Chen

Most people think of drought-tolerant, squat, spined plants when they think of cacti. Fewer immediately jump to the three blooming holiday cacti that appear near Easter, Thanksgiving and Christmas. Natives of the Brazilian rainforest, these plants require much different care than desert cacti to grow and bloom successfully. When given the right conditions, your holiday cactus may live long enough to become a family heirloom. Step 1 Encourage new growth after the blooms drop by fertilizing with a general purpose liquid fertilizer. Keep the plant moist as it grows but do not leave it in standing water. Reduce water in mid-August to prepare the plant for its dormant period. Step 2 Provide the cactus with 13 hours of uninterrupted hours of darkness once temperatures are consistently between 60 and 65 degrees F. Continue to simulate short days from September to November, when blooms will begin to open. Provide the plant with another dose of fertilizer when blooms open.
Step 3 Propagate additional holiday cacti by cutting sections from the original healthy cactus along the joints. Mix 3 parts compost, 1 part peat moss and 2 parts sand to make an ideal growing medium for holiday cacti. Choose a pot that drains well Plant the cactus in the medium in a new pot. Water thoroughly and allow to dry out before watering again.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月08日
Miss Chen

Iconic among cacti, the barrel cactus rises out of every Hollywood desert to provide water for the weary and lost desert explorer. Of course, barrel cactus isn't the only or even the most frequently seen cactus in the desert, but it is an excellent cactus to use as a model for the various adaptations that cacti have used to survive in these harsh environments. Every part of the barrel cactus has been forged from a long evolution in a desert environment -- from its shape to its spines and even its metabolism. Spines, Stem and Roots The whole of the barrel cactus is designed to retain water. Spines serve not only as a defense mechanism against hungry desert animals, they also provide some shading to the plant. The stem is covered in a thick, waxy coating that seals the plant, protecting it from excessive evaporation. The root system of a barrel cactus is shallow, but large and net-like, enabling the cactus to catch as much water as possible during desert rains. Shape and Tilt The shape of the barrel cactus is a precision design, directing any dew or rain directly to the roots of the plant. Up to 25 accordion-style folds effectively decrease the amount of surface area of the plant that is exposed to the harsh conditions of the desert. Barrel cacti also grow at an angle, often tilted to the south in order to partially shade themselves and prevent sunburn.
Water Retention The barrel cactus is one of the best water retainers among plants, thanks to a gelatinous pulp that can absorb a significant amount of water. The accordion-shaped ribs are designed to expand as water stores increase and shrink back when water is less abundant. This combination of water-retaining pulp and flexible skin allows the cactus to hold an impressive amount of water, with 5- to 6-foot barrel cacti often weighing several hundred pounds. Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Perhaps the most impressive adaptation of the barrel cactus is an adaptation known as Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM). Instead of normal photosynthesis, in which all necessary raw materials are taken in and used at once, CAM allows the plant to keep its stoma closed during the day to minimize water loss. The barrel cactus opens its stoma during the night to collect carbon dioxide from the environment and stores it as malic acid until photosynthesis begins in the morning. A side effect of CAM is a drop in the pH of the plant's fluids, sometimes reaching as low as 4.0. The low pH causes a bitter-tasting pulp that may help to discourage night feeding by wildlife.
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Miss Chen
2017年08月08日
Miss Chen

Schlumbergera, commonly referred to as Christmas cactus, derives its common name from its winter bloom period. Each of the six Christmas cactus species produces a different colored bloom, with red being the most common. As with all cacti and succulents, the Christmas cactus is susceptible to disease. Fungal leaf spots, sooty mold, botrytis and basal stem rot are common diseases associated with this plant. The effects of pests are often mistaken for disease, but pests can often be eradicated. In some cases a diseased plant can be treated. In others, the plant cannot be salvaged. Fungal Leaf Spots Step 1 Cut away any infected leaves with a clean razor blade. Unfortunately, the infected leaves cannot be rejuvenated. Fungal leaf spots are typically circular or elliptical in shape and develop along the leaves of the plant. The spots are typically black or gray in color. Step 2 Move the plant to a well-ventilated area. Step 3 Water the plant at the ground level and only after the soil is allowed to dry completely. Fungal leaf spots develop from water that rests on the leaves and stems for long periods. It is for this reason that you should avoid pouring water directly over Christmas cactus, particularly if the plant is exposed to shade for long periods of time. Sooty Mold and Botrytis Step 4 Remove as much soil from the roots as you reasonably can without damaging the root system. Step 5 Repot the plant with new soil specifically formulated for cactus and succulents. Step 6 Treat the blackened areas with a systemic fungicide if treating sooty mold and with methylated spirits if treating botrytis. Step 7 Move the plant to a well-ventilated area if treating botrytis. Step 8 Allow the soil to dry completely between waterings. Basal Stem Rot Step 9 Cut away any leaves not yet infected with a clean razor blade. Unfortunately, a Christmas cactus suffering from basal stem rot cannot be rejuvenated, but healthy leaves can be repotted. Step 10 Plant the healthy leaves in new soil specifically formulated for cacti and succulents. Step 11 Apply copper sulfate to the healthy cuttings to guard against basal stem rot. Pests Step 12 Identify the type of pest attacking the plant. Mealybugs are identified by their white woolly nests and waxy appearance. The bugs are very small and a gray-white color. Spider mites are red in color and feed on the leaves of the plant. They are very hard to see without a magnifying glass. Look for spider webs with small dots. The dots are the spider mites. Whiteflies closely resemble mealybugs, but do not build nests. Whiteflies excrete honeydew, which can lead to sooty mold.
Step 13 Move the plant to an area where temperatures exceed 70 degrees F for all pest types. It may be necessary to invest in a small greenhouse if temperatures in direct sunlight do not reach at least 70 degrees. Moving the plant to a warmer environment should eliminate the spider mites. Step 14 Spray the plant with soapy contact insecticide if treating a plant with mealybugs. Step 15 Increase the humidity level if the spider mite infestation is extensive and they survive the warmer temperature. Step 16 Spray whiteflies with an insecticidal spray.
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